中考英语语法动词不定式的构成学案设计.pdfVIP

动词不定式的构成 一、学习目标 1.了解动词不定式的含义及结构; 2.掌握动词不定式的用法; eg.动词不定式作主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语、状语 3.掌握动词不定式不带to 的情况。 eg. had better do sth. Why not +不带to 的不定式 二、知识引入 根据上句意思完成下句，每空- -词。 ①He was so angry that he couldnt say anything. He was too angry to say anything. ②I dont know when we will have the meeting. I dont know when to have the meeting. ③That you read English in the morning is very important. It is very important for you to learn English in the morning. ④They got up early so that they could get there in time. They got up early in order to get there in time. ⑤His brother decided that he would buy the book. His brother decided to buy the book. 解析：①to say ( 动词不定式作结果状语) ②to have (疑问词+动词不定式作宾语) ③for,toread(it 作形式主语) ④in order to get (动词不定式作目的状语) ⑤to buy (动词不定式作宾语) 三、知识讲解 1.动词不定式的含义与构成 动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,是非谓语动词的一种,它没有人 称和数的变化,在句中不能作谓语。 备注：非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、 动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词) , 即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语 动词除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的其他成分。 基本结构 动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,但有时不带to ; 动词不定式的否 定形式是not to +动词原形”。 eg. He decides to leave Beijing. 他决定离开北京。 (否定)：He decides not to leave Beiing.他决定不离开北京。 2.动词不定式的常见用法 (1)动词不定式作主语 不定式置于句首 eg. To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车到那儿将花费 我们半个小时。 To master a language is not an easy thing. 掌握一门语言不是一-件容易的事。 to do 不定式为句子真正 it 作形式主语 的主语 ①It+is+名词+ to do sth. eg. Its our duty to take good care of the old.照顾老人是我们的责任。 Its a pity that you missed the exciting football match. 很遗憾,你错过了这场精彩的足球比赛。 ②It takes/took sb. +时间+ to do sth. eg. How long did it take you to finish the work? 你花了多少时间来完成 这项工作? It took us three years to complete the project. 我们花费三年时间才完成了这项工程。 ③It+be+形容词+ for sb. /of sb.+ to do sth. eg. It is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour. 我们难以在15 分钟内完成这篇作文。 It is important for us to learn a foreign language.