英国国家概况总结.pdfVIP

人物 1 King Alfred the Great, 849-899 King Alfred built the first English navy · Alfred was a devout Christian · He defeated the Danes in 886, forced them to withdraw to NE third of England, and converted many to Christianity · Established schools repaired monasteries · Invited scholars to come to England · Learned to read and write Latin English · Translated Scriptures into language of his people 2 William the Conqueror § First Norman king of England, 1066-1087 § Ended Anglo-Saxon rule by defeating King Harold Godwinson at Battle of Hastings, 1066 § William ruled autocratically – brought church barons under his personal control § Replaced English bishops with Normans § Distributed land to reward his followers § Built castles throughout England to control hostile population § Beginnings of English Feudalism § William had no permanent residence § He travelled around England to survey his domain and demonstrate his power § He held court a major festival 3 times a year in 3 different towns § Normans were a foreign army of occupation § They built many castles to protect themselves and control the population § King William ordered a survey of land property in England in 1085 § He used it to set taxes divide large estates among his followers § Anglo-Saxon nobility mostly killed or fled § Anglo-Saxon commoners mostly became serfs § Kept their own language many of their customs § 3 languages in England: French (spoken by nobility), Old English/Anglo-Saxon (commoners), Latin (scholars church) § Some oppression, then intermingling § Normans Anglo-Saxons gradually became united people 3 Thomas Becket § 此人开始和国王一起，吃喝嫖赌。最后为了巩固国王在教会的 地位被任命为主教。然后受到了上帝的感化，改邪归正。为上帝 而战而非王权。和国王翻脸。在祷告是被几个贵族刺死。人们追 他为圣人。对国王的行为很不满。最