英文段落组织方式.pdfVIP

英语短文段落写作方法 段落是扩展中心思想的一组意义密切相关的句子, 它是介于句 子和篇章之间的一个写作单位, 是连句成篇的一个 经阶段。 一、段落的结构 一个段落一般由三部分组成: 主题句(Topic Sentence), 扩展句 (Development Sentence)和结论句(Concluding Sentence)。 例如： （主题句）Reasons for the growing popularity of fast-food chains appear obvious enough. （扩展句）For one thing, the food is generally cheap. A hamburger at McDonalds, for example, costs about one-half as much as a similar meal at a regular sit down restaurant. （扩展句）Another advantage of the chains is their convenience. For busy working couples who dont want to spend the time or effort cooking, fast-food restaurants offer an attractive alternative. （结论 句）And, judging by the fact that customers return in increasing numbers, many Americans like the taste of the food. 从上面的例子来看，快餐连锁店日益普遍的原因非常明显，这是 段落的主题句。原因主要反映在快餐的廉价、方便两个方面，这是段 落的两个扩展句。结论句起到与主题句相呼应，小结全段文字的作用。 (1) 主题句。主题句是英文段落的典型特点, 顾名思义, 主题句 就是提出段落主题的句子。它是一个段落的中心，要求全段其他所有 的文字都围绕它展开。它指出了这段内容的主导思想。主题句既可以 用在段落的开始或中间, 也可以用在段落的末尾, 但是 于考试来说, 我们应该尽量把主题句放置于一个段落的开始, 这既有助于组织材 料, 也可以使文章结构清楚。主题句是一篇文章的灵魂, 文章的所有 材料和论述都是围绕主题句展开的, 因此, 写好段落的主题句是写好 作文的关键, 一个好的主题句首先应该紧扣文章的中心思想, 把该段 落的内容限定在文章的中心内容之内。例如: Physical Exercise More and more people today are realizing the importance of regular physical exercises. In the past, most people were involved in manual labor out in the fresh air of the fields. Nowadays a lot of people work in offices, spending most of their time indoors. In the evenings they usually sit watching TV or reading newspapers. Their daily lives dont provide them with the exercises needed to keep them healthy. Therefore, they must devote part of their time to doing regular physical exercise. There are many dif