_加餐练习_定_量__与研_究_假设.pdfVIP

Exercise: Identify Variables Proposing Hypotheses 1. Read each of the scenarios below, and then: 1) list all variable names; 2) whether it is independent or dependent (指出每个陈述中有哪些变量；指出它们分别是自变量还是因变量): a. In a test of the importance of eating breakfast on learning, college students were either given a free breakfast in the morning, or were prevented from eating breakfast. At the end of the semester, students’ GPAs were recorded. b. A researcher is very interested in studying the various ways students cheat on campus. To better understand this phenomenon, she also collects information on the students’ race/ethnicity, religion, marital status, college—Business, Science, Math, Social Sciences, Nursing, Agriculture), and family income. c. The administration comes to a college professor and asks her to research the new Freshmen Orientation program. The researcher collects a sample of students who participated in orientation and provides a questionnaire measuring students’ age, social class, high school grade point average, and assesses whether they agree or disagree that orientation was a great experience and asks them to assess orientation on a scale from 1 (hated orientation) to 20 (loved orientation). 2. Three statements appear below. For each one: (i) Identify and describe at least one reason why it is a poor hypothesis. (ii) Rewrite the statement in proper hypothesis-writing form. (You may have to embellish a bit, using your own intuition.) （下面的四个陈述，请分别指出每一个陈述为什么不是好的研究假 设，并改写该陈述使它成为一个更适当的假设） Example . Income and partisanship are related. （示例） i. This statement does not state the tendency of the relationship bec