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Ethernet in Substation Automation Applications – Issues and Requirements Marzio P. Pozzuoli RuggedCom Inc. – Industrial Strength Networks Woodbridge, Ontario, Canada Introduction Trends in electric utility automation, specifically substation automation, have converged upon a common communications architecture with the goal of having interoperability between a variety of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs found in the substation. This initiative was begun back in the late 1980s driven by the major North American utilities under the technical auspices of EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute. The resulting standard that emerged is known as the Utility Communications Architecture 2.0 (UCA2.0 and is now becoming an international standard as IEC 61850. This architecture, which is now being adopted worldwide by utilities and IED vendors alike, has as its underlying network technology - Ethernet. This paper looks at the key issues and requirements for Ethernet in the substation environment and for substation automation applications requiring real-time performance. Specific topics addressed are: EMI phenomena and atmospheric conditions in substations which can affect network performance, new standards introduced by the IEC and IEEE that establish new EMI and environmental requirements specifically for communications networks (i.e. Ethernet in substations, critical Layer-2 features of modern Ethernet switching hubs (i.e. switches which enhance real-time deterministic performance as well as fault tolerant loop architectures and network redundancy. EMI Immunity Requirements The proliferation of Ethernet capable IEDs used for substation automation has increased markedly in the past several years. There are currently nine vendors of protective relaying devices alone offering Ethernet communications with their IEDs. Vendors of meters, RTUs and PLCs used for substation automation, also mirror this trend. A key requirement of most substations IEDs such as protection relays is t