钱易——Sustainable Management of Water Environment in China水环境的可持续管理.pdf

Sustainable Management of Water Environment in China 水环境的可持续管理 QIAN, Yi 钱易 School of Environment 环境学院 Tsinghua University清华大学 China中国 2017.10 Challenges facing China 中国面临的水危机 Water Water Shortage Pollution 水资源短缺 水污染 Flooding and Waterlogging 洪涝灾害 Water Resources Available in China • Annual precipitation in average 648 mm 3 • Water resources available 2800 billion M /a • Water Resource Available per capita: 2260 m3 / capita ——1/4 of the world average • ——3/4 of the world average 人均水资源量为世界人均值的1/4 单位面积的水资源量为世界平均值的3/4. Uneven Distribution of water resources 水资源的地域分布的不均匀 Poor in north- west ≤200 mm Rich in south-east Precipitation concentrates >1000 mm in 3-5 months 300 cities out of 640 short of water Water quality of lakes and reservoir 湖泊富营养污染严重 Among 26 monitored lakes and reservoirs, 42.3% appears serious eutrophication. 在检测的26个湖泊、水 库中，42.3%都存在严 重的富营养污染。 Groundwater Problems 地下水问题 •Water table declining 地下水水位降低 •Hardness increasing 水的硬度增高 •NO3 increasing 硝酸盐浓度增高 •Oil contamination 油污染 •Other pollutants 其他污染 Pollution accidents 污染事故 •Algae blooming 藻类爆发 •Oil leak 漏油事故 •Illegal