两行杨表的下降指标的分布及计数.pdfVIP

摘 要 在计数组合学中, 杨表是一类极为重要的研究对象. 它在表示理论, 代数几何 等数学分支中有着广泛的应用, 也是组合数学近年来的研究热点. 本文中我们主 要研究了两行杨表的下降指标的分布及计数. 对于正整数n 和非负整数a, k 且满 足0 a n , 0 k a, 我们研究了形如(n a, a), 有k 个重复数字的递增杨 2 表, 行递增杨表以及标准杨表的下降指标的分布及计数. 首先我们通过构造双射 得到了两行行递增杨表, 递增杨表和标准杨表的下降指标是同分布的, 进而给出 了两行杨表的下降指标同分布的计数公式, 接着通过构造双射给出了两行n 列的 递增杨表下降指标同分布的另一种组合证明, 最后通过格路与杨表之间的双射得 到Motzkin 路和Riordan 路的major 指标多项式. 关键词: 递增杨表, 行递增杨表, 标准杨表, 下降, 下降指标, 双射. i ABSTRACT Young tableaux are important research structure in enumerative combinatorics. Theyarecloselyrelatedtorepresentationtheory,algebraicgeometryandotherbranches of mathematics. Enumeration on tableaux is also a hot research topic of combina- torics during recent years. In this paper we mainly study the distribution and enumer- ation on the descents of tableaux of shape (n a, a) with k repeating numbers. Here tableaux of shape (n a, a) include increasing tableaux, row-increasing tableaux and standard Young tableaux. At the beginning, we prove that the major index of row- increasing tableaux have the same distribution by constructing the bijection between row-increasing tableaux. Then we enumerate the distribution and give another combi- natorial proof of two row increasing tableaux . Finally, we obtain major index polyno- mialsofMotzkinpathandRiordanpath. Keywords: increasing tableau, row-increasing tableau, standard Young tableau, de- scent,majorindex,bijection. iii 目录 摘 要 i Abstract iii 第一章 引言 1 1.1 基础知识和相关记号 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 研究背景 . . . . . . . . . . . . .