社会排斥与延迟满足——焦虑的潜在影响.pdfVIP

内容摘要 社会排斥带给个体诸多负面感受，焦虑情绪也是其中之一。社会排斥是否会 导致金钱寻求欲望的增加，从而影响人们的延迟贴现水平是尚少被研究的问题。 本研究从金钱的安慰性质出发，探究社会排斥对延迟贴现的影响，并且尝试 分析焦虑在其中的潜在作用。我们的结果发现，社会排斥导致焦虑情绪的增加。 在实验一中，状态焦虑的改变量与延迟贴现分数之间存在正相关，在社会排斥后 报告更多焦虑情绪增加的被试在随后的延迟贴现任务中表现出更强的金钱寻求 欲望。同时，实验一还发现特质焦虑影响了被试对于社会排斥威胁的抵抗能力。 低特质焦虑组在遭遇社会排斥后出现更明显的焦虑情绪的增加，而高特质焦虑组 在社会排斥后保持了较稳定的焦虑情绪并且维持了较低的延迟贴现水平。实验二 中，社会排斥导致前额叶活动的左偏侧倾向，且这一倾向在低特质焦虑的群体中 更加明显。本研究没有发现前额叶α不对称性与焦虑的显著关联。而社会接纳和 排斥后的前额叶活动相对于静息态右偏侧的程度都正相预测了延迟贴现水平。 总的来说，本研究发现社会排斥对于延迟贴现水平的影响受到特质焦虑和状 态焦虑水平的影响。较高水平的特质焦虑能够抵抗社会排斥威胁和维持较低水平 的延迟贴现。 关键词：社会排斥，延迟贴现，焦虑，前额叶α 不对称性 I Abstract Social exclusion brings many negative feelings to individuals, of which anxiety is one. Whether social exclusion can lead to the increase of money seeking desire, and thus affect peoples delay discounting level is a problem that has not been studied. Based on the comforting nature of money, this study explores the impact of social exclusion on delay discounting, and attempts to analyze the potential role of anxiety in it. Our results show that social exclusion leads to an increase in anxiety. In Experiment 1, there was a positive correlation between the change of state anxiety and the delay discounting score. The subjects who reported more anxiety after social exclusion showed stronger desire for money in the subsequent delay discounting task. At the same time, experiment 1 also found that trait anxiety affected the resistance of subjects to the threat of social exclusion. The low trait anxiety group showed a more significant increase in anxiety after social exclusion, while the high trait anxiety group maintained a more stable anxiety and a lower delay discounting level after social exclusion. In Experiment 2, social exclusion led to the left side tendency of prefrontal activity, which was more