(NEW)山东大学外国语学院《817专业英语》历年考研真题及详解.pdf

目　录 2015年山东大学817专业英语考研真题及详解 2016年山东大学817专业英语考研真题及详解 2017年山东大学817专业英语考研真题及详解 2018年山东大学817专业英语考研真题及详解 2015年山东大学817专业英语考研 真题及详解 Part One　Linguistics Ⅰ. Make comments on the following definitions of linguistic terms （The term defined is underlined） （20 points）: 1. Linguistics is often defined as the science of language or as the scientific study of language. 【答案】Linguistics is the scientific study of human language. Linguistics can be broadly broken into three categories or subfields: the study of language form, that of language meaning, and that of language in a broader context. The first subfield of linguistics, the study of language structure or grammar, focuses on the elaborate and formal systems of rules that are followed by fluent language speakers. This subfield encompasses morphology, syntax and phonology. The second subfield, that of meaning, focuses on how language users make the inferences required to fully understand another person ’s statement and how ambiguity can arise. This subfield encompasses semantics and pragmatics. Many other sub-disciplines of linguistics tackle language within a broader context. These other sub- disciplines of linguistics include: evolutionary linguistics, historical linguistics; sociolinguistics; psycholinguistics; neurolinguistics; language acquisition, and discourse analysis. 2. The minimal unit of meaning is traditionally called morpheme. 【答案】Morpheme is the smallest unit of language in terms of the relationship between expression and content, a unit that cannot be divided into further smaller units without destroying or drastically altering the meaning, whether it is lexical or grammatical. Morphemes are usually arbitrary. There is no natural connection between their sound and their meaning. 3. The technique frequently used in the ana