明清时期袁水流域的市镇网络与商品经济.pdf

摘 要 袁水古称芦水、袁江、秀江、渝水等，为赣江下游支流，位于江西省的中西 部，源出萍乡市东南武功山西侧，向东北流经宜春、分宜、新余、新干等市县， 在樟树市注入赣江，全长约279千米，流域面积约6262平方千米。明清时期， 流域内含括袁州、临江二府所属萍乡、宜春、分宜、新喻、清江、新淦六县的大 部分地区，南邻吉安府、北通南昌府，西与湖南长沙府接壤，水陆交通便利，是 明清时期联通江西、湖南二省及周边地区的重要通道。流域内市镇林立，其中商 业巨镇樟树在国内商品经济的发展中占有重要的地位。 本文对明清时期 （1368-1912）袁水流域的环境、物产、人口、交通、市镇 及商品经济做了细致的考察，认为：一、人口的增长、农业与手工业的发展，推 动了交通及市镇的形成和发展，市镇的规模又与商品经济的发展有着密不可分的 联系。二、从空间布局来看，袁水流域的市镇多沿河而建，水陆交通便利的交叉 路段发展出较大的市镇，而陆路交通亦多与河流平行、间有穿插而过，可见河流 对水陆交通，进而对市镇选址方面的影响。三、包括水资源在内的自然条件，对 袁水流域内农业水利的发展亦有较大的影响，进而推动商品化生产，市镇本身亦 是商品经济发展的温床，三者交融，不可分割。 随着历史时期的不断变化，袁水流域的市镇及商品经济状况也有不同程度的 改变，但总体与社会大局息息相关。 关键词：明清；袁水流域；水陆交通；市镇；商品经济 I Abstract In ancient times,Yuanshui was called Lushui,Yuanjiang, Xiujiang,Yushui, etc.It is a tributary ofthe lower Ganjiang and Located in themidwest of Jiangxi Province.It is originate from the north foot of Wugong Mountain in the southeast of Pingxiang City,It flows through Yichun, Fenyi, Xinyu, Xingan and so on.To the northeast and flows into Ganjiang in Zhangshu City,with atotal length of about 279kilometers and adrainage area of about 6262 squarekilometers.DuringtheMing and QingDynasties, Yuanshui basin included most of the six counties of Yuanzhou, Linjiang and their subordinates, Pingxiang, Yichun, Fenyi, Xinyu, Qingjiang and Xingan.It is near the south of Ji'an and in the north of Nanchang,with Changsha in the west.It is a convenient water and land transportation route. It is an important channel connecting Hunan, Jiangxi and surrounding areas in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.There are many citiesandtownsin thebasin,amongwhich Zhangshu,ahuge commercialtown, playsan importantroleinthedevelopment ofdomesticcommodity economy. In this paper, the natural environment, products, population, transportation, towns and commodity economy of Yuanshui Basin in Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368-1912) are studied.The f