英国概况名词解释.docVIP

大宪章 约翰王The Great Charter (King John ) The 1215 charter required King \o John of England John of England to proclaim certain liberties and accept that his will was not \o Arbitrary arbitrary. 百年战争The Hundred Years War (1337—1453) (Black Death, Joan of Arc) The Hundred Years War was a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to 1453 between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France and their various allies for control of the French throne. The Black Death was one of the most devastating \o Pandemic pandemics in \o History of the world human history, peaking in \o Europe Europe between 1348 and 1350. 3. 玫瑰战争Wars of the Roses (1459—1471) (House of Lancaster House of York) The Wars of the Roses were a series of dynastic wars fought between supporters of two rival branches of the royal \o House of Plantagenet House of Plantagenet: the houses of \o House of Lancaster Lancaster and \o House of York York (whose heraldic symbols were the red and the white rose, respectively) for the \o Throne of England throne of England. 4. 圈地运动The Enclosure Movement In the end of 15th century the manufacture woolen cloth in England became an important source of wool. Raising sheep became more profitable. This encouraged the landlords to covert arable land and the “Commons”into pastures. Later some of the nobility and merchants started to enclose the land. Large areas of land were fenced without any warning to the peasants. This process was known as Enclosure Movement. 英国的文艺复兴The English Renaissance The English Renaissance was a \o Cultural movement cultural and \o Art movement artistic movement in England dating from the late 15th and early 16th centuries to the early 17th century. It is associated with the pan-European \o Renaissance Renaissance that is usually regarded as beginning in Italy in the late 14th century. 6.The Absolutist Rule of the Stuarts斯图亚特王朝的专制统治 (The Puritants清教徒) The Puritans were a significant grouping of English