群体遗传学课件：6-Application of Genome-wide Resequencing In Breeding Populations.pdf

Application of Genome-wide Resequencing In Breeding Populations 赵山岑 zhaoshancen@genomics.org.cn • Dobzhansky: Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Evolution. • Really? Nothing in Biology Makes Sense Except in the Light of Health and Breeding. 2 Understand Breeding • The nature of domestication events • Quantitative genetic variation • Population genomics-based approaches 3 Part I • The nature of domestication events – The Domestication Syndrome – The Domestication Process – Genes Controlling Domestication Traits What is domestication • Domestication is a complex evolutionary process in which human use of plant and animal species leads to morphological and physiological changes that distinguish domesticated taxa from their wild ancestors. • For example Maize, Rice, Wheat, Tomato, and so forth. • Darwin’s evidence • Homo special? Some fungal species have been domesticated by ants and beetles. • Plant-animal co-evolution The Domestication Syndrome • larger fruits or grains, more robust plants • more determinate growth or increased apical dominance • loss of natural seed dispersal so that seeds remain attached to the plant for easy harvest • crops often have fewer (although larger) fruits or grains. • A variety of physiological changes are also involved. These include a loss of seed dormancy, a decrease in bitter substances in edible structures, changes in photoperiod sensitivity, and synchronized flowering. Convergent and parallel evolution • Convergent phenotypic evolution – the appearance of the same trait in independent evolutionary