英语词性类详细讲解.pptVIP

英语词类讲解 第二课 10种英语词类 6种英语实词(有实义):名词、动词、形容 词、副词、代词、数词 4种英语虚词:冠词、介词、连词和感叹词 6种英语实词 1名词(noun,缩写式为n) 普通名词( common noun):是某一类人、事物、某种物质或抽象概念的名 称 luggage, success, traffic 专有名词( proper noun):是特定的某人、地方或机构的名称。专有名词的 第一个字母必须大写。 Tom, China, A Tale of Two Cities, March, Saturday 可数性:可数名词( countable nouns)不可数名词( uncountable nouns) ①冠词的使用 ②单复数s/es ③谓语动词的搭配 *集合类名词: council, government, group,jury,team, family 名词的功能 1.主语: The bags are in the desk 2.宾语: washed my clothes yesterday 3.表语: This is a good book. 4.宾语补足语: We selected him our monitor 5.介词宾语: Mary lives with her parents 6.定语: She is a Party member. women doctors meeting rooms 2.动词(verb) 分类:实义动词(行为动词),连系动词,助动词,情态动词 基本形式:原形、第三人称单数形式、过去式、过去分词和现在分词 (1)实义动词: 及物动词( transitive verb) He s reading a magazine.他正在读一本杂志。(单宾语) Mr Zhang teaches us English.张老师教我们英语。(双宾语:us是间接宾语 English是直接宾语) 不及物动词( intransitive verb) The sun rises He works hard 2.动词(verb) (2)连系动词: be动词(is,am,are,was,were, have/has been) 感官系动词(feel,sme, taste,ook, sound):后面一般加形容词 变化系动词( become,get,grow,turn):后面一般加形容词 2.动词(verb) (3)助动词: 最常用的助动词有:be,have,do,shal,wil, should, would 1)助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用 2)助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用 a.表示时态, He has got married. b.表示语态, He was sent to England C.构成疑问句, Do you like college life d.与否定副词not合用,构成否定句, I dont like him e.加强语气, He did know tha 2.动词(verb) (4)情态动词:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形一起 使用,给谓语动词增添情态色彩,表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度 和看法,认为其可能、应该或必要等。 must, can (could), may(might), shall(should), will (would), need, dare, have(had, has)to, used to ①只做情态动词 must, can(could), may(might), shall (should ), will (would) ②可做情态动词又可做实义动词 need, dare ③具有情态动词特征 have(had, has)to, used to 3.形容词( adjective,adj) 用来表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词称为形容词 以-able,-al,-ful,ish,-less,-ous,-y等后缀结尾的词 功能 1.定语: The high price surprised him She told us something interesting(后置定语) enough food, beautiful enough 2表语: The sun was hot 3.补语: They find the book quite interesting 4.主语或宾语: The rich like living in the countryside 5.via: Wet or fine, he got up at six and took a walk in the park. Whether it was wet