7第七单元 医疗保健.docVIP

第七单元 医疗保健 医疗保健属于科学技术的一个分支。医学科学博大精深，专业门类繁杂。除了中医和西医的区分之外，还包括内科、外科、临床、门诊、手术、微创手术以及精密仪器的诊疗，如B超、X光透视、CT、核磁共振、激光消融，等等。西医再细分，又有胸科、牙科、肛肠科、脑系科、心血管科、脑血管科、妇科儿科、五官科、外科、骨外科、眼科、牙科、耳鼻喉科、肿瘤科、传染病科和理疗科，等等。如此精细的专业划分，千千万万的专业术语，会把我们搞得头昏脑涨，一塌糊涂。所以，真正医学专业的书籍或论文的翻译，恐怕都是非专业人员莫属。我们作为一个学习外语的人，即便有一定的医学常识，也只能胜任医学科普文章翻译工作。 与其他科技资料一样，医学资料在词汇方面的主要特点是大量使用专业术语，并排斥术语的多义性。这是因为医学资料的写作目的主要是介绍医学科技论点，说明某种疾病的发病原因和治疗手段等，而每个医学专科都会有自己特定的专业词汇或术语。 无论是汉语还是英语医学资料，在句法上都要求句式严整，较多使用长句或复句，而且较少变化。英语医学资料较多使用被动语态，而汉语医学资料会频繁使用主动语态。这在一定程度上与中西方人传统的思维模式差异有关。 本单元定名为“医疗保健”，而非“医学”翻译，是希望将其内容定位在医学科普翻译的层面。所选取的两篇课文均属于医学科普文章的范畴。 第13课 英语医疗保健资料汉译 英汉对比赏析 一、英语原文 Human Beings VS Viruses Anonymous [1] Imagine a virus that could travel like the flu—and kill like HIV. One so small that it would be almost impossible to identify, let alone halt. Films like Outbreak play on our fears of a “killer virus” scenario, but those films are works of fiction, right? [2] Well, that’s what Janice Acquah set out to investigate. But the facts she unearthed didn’t completely put her at ease. [3] For example, viruses are emerging more frequently than ever before. Forty years ago, around two new viruses were discovered every decade. Now the figure is more like two new viruses per year. [4] Ebola, Lassa, Marburg and HIV are frightening examples of these deadly organisms. The death tolls where they strike are sobering. Even the flu virus can be a killer. We’ve known about it for many decades now, but flu experts are still involved in a full-time race to keep up with the virus as it mutates. [5] Our modern lifestyle increases the possibilities of viral attack by exotic organisms. For example, a virus presently located in a remote rain forest could, by means of air travel, be in a major city by this time tomorrow. We now live in such crowded cities that the scope for transmission of a virus which travels through air is greater than ever before. [6] However, although all the ingredients for a killer-virus scenario do undoubtedly exist, it’s hard to find a medical