新目标八下直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习题.docVIP

直接引语和间接引语 直接引述别人的话,叫“直接引语”。用自己的话转别人的话叫间接引语,间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。 1.直接引语是陈述句,变间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略,从句中的人称,时 态,指示代词,时间状语,地点状语等要做相应的变化。 (1人称的变化。He said, “I like it very much.”→He said that he liked it very much. (2时态的变化。如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语改间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在 时态上要作相应的变化。时态的变化常如下: 一般现在时→一般过去时;一般过去时→过去完成时;过去完成时→过去完成时(不变; 一般将来时→过去将来时。如果主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化。 (3指示代词,时间状语和动词的变化。 this→that; these→those; now→then; today→that day; this week→that week; yesterday→the day before; last week→the week before; three days ago→three days before; tomorrow→the next day; next week→the next week; here→there; come→go 注:直接引语转换间接引语时,若就在当天当地转述,today, yesterday, tomorrow, here, come等不必转换。转述客观真理时,总用一般现在时。 2.直接引语如果是疑问句,变为间接引语时,要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序,句末用句号,直接 引语如果是一般疑问句时,变为间接引语时,用连词if或whether引导;主句中的谓语动词是said 时要改为asked;直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,仍用原来的疑问词引导。 3.直接引语如果是祈使句,要将祈使句的动词原形变为带to的不定式,其句型常为:tell/ask/order somebody (not to do something. Exercise: I.把下列直接引语变为间接引语。 1.Tom said, “I want an apple.”Tom said that an apple. 2.The teacher said, “The sun is bigger than the moon.” The teacher said that the sun bigger than the moon. 3.“Can you swim?” I asked Mary. I _________ Mary swim. 4.“What are you doing now?” He asked me. He asked me doing . 5.“Don’t talk in class.” The teacher said to us. The teacher________ us in class. 6. “Y ou can play tennis with us next Sunday.” Lily said to Ben. Lily told Ben that play tennis with _______next Sunday. 7. She said, “I’m looking for my new dictionary.” She said that looking for new dictionary. 8. I told my mother, “There is only one sun in the sky.” I told my mother that only one sun in the sky. II.把下列间接引语变为直接引语。 9.Petty said she liked sports. Petty said, “sports.” 10.He asked me if I lived in Wuhan. He asked me, “in Wuhan?” 11.I asked Li Lei where he had been. I asked Li Lei, “been?” 12.My father asked me to finish the work. My father said to me, “finish the work.” 答案: 1. he wanted; 2. is 3. asked ;if/whether she could 4. when I was then 5. told /asked ;n