环境工程专业英语翻译15.docVIP

15 Principles of biological reactions 生物反应原则 Biological reactions may be classified ad aerobic, anaerobic, or photosynthetic according to the predominate type of microbial activity and all three are of importance in biological processes used for wastewater treatment. there are several basic principles which are common to all three of these classifications. In each ease a source of cellular building blocks, such as carbon, oxygen, hydrogen,,nitrogen,and phosphorous as either organic or inorganic compounds must first be transported into the cell in a soluble form. 生物反应，可分为好氧，厌氧，或光合，据该占优势类型的微生物的活动，所有三个因素是用于废水处理的重要的生物过程。这里有所有上述3个类别的几个常见的基本原则.在每一个细胞质组成部分，如碳，氧，氢，氮，磷，因为无论是有机或无机化合物，必须先以一种可溶性形式运送到细胞中。 Rates of solution or mass transfer into the cell can therefore limit the overall reaction rate.（溶解速率，或大规模转移到细胞，因而可以限制总的反应速率。） Hydrogen acceptors must be present and aerobic organisms use oxygen for this purpose while anaerobic organisms use such compounds as sulfates, nitrats, carbon disoxide, or organic compounds.（，好氧生物为此利用氧和厌氧生物体利用硫酸盐,硝酸盐 ，碳氧化物，或有机化合物这些化合物，受氢体必须在场。） Energy must be supplied to the organism either in the form of energy contained in chemical compounds or as radiant energy form sunlight.（能源必须提供给机体，无论化学化合物形式的能量或阳光形式的辐射能）A fraction of this energy is used to drive a synthesis reaction for the production of more microorganisms; the remainder is dissipated as heat.（一小股这样的能量是用来驱动合成反应，为生产更多的微生物;其余是以热量的形式完全消退。） The effect of the heat generated on the reactor temperature can usually be neglected since the low concentration of organics in most wastewaters results in the generation of only a small amount of heat.(产生的热量对反应器温度的影响，通常可以被忽略，因为低浓度的有机物在大多数废水中生成的，只有少量的热量。) The microorganisms also form waste products with the type of product being dependent on the species of microorganisms and environmental conditions.微生物也形成何种类型的废物，正取决于微生物的物种和环境条件。 The more desirable products are gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen, oxygen, or methane, which can be easily separated from the