英语测试理论与实践.doc

宁波大学硕士研究生 2008/ 2009 学年第 2 学期期末考试答题纸 考试科目：  英语测试理论与实践  课程编号：  07G06329A 姓名： 卢晓娜  学号：  G08 阅卷教师： 李奕  成绩： English Assessment: Theory and Practice Define the following terms in your own words Testing Testing which is often used for pedagogical purposes, is a procedure designed to elicit certain behavior from which one can make inferences about certain characteristics of an individual. 2) Assessment Assessment collects information of students ’ learning for various purposes and using various techniques. 3) Evaluation Evaluation applies the systematic ways to gather information for the purpose of making decisions. 4) Measurement Measurement is the process of quantifying the characteristics of persons according to explicit procedures and rules. 5) Reliability Reliability is a quality of test scores, and a perfectly reliable score would be one which is free from errors of measurement. 6) Validity Validity is an important quality of test interpretation, which concerns the extent to which the inferences or decisions we make on the basis of test scores are meaningful, appropriate and useful. 7) Norm-referenced tests Norm-referenced tests are designed to enable the test user to make the interpretations of test results with reference to the performance of a given group or norm. 8）criterion-referenced tests Criterion-referenced tests  are designed  to enable the test  user  to interpret a test score with  reference to a  criterion level of ability or domain of content. 9） formative test Formative test is the test teachers use to check on the progress of their students , to see how far they have mastered what they should have learned and use this information to modify their future teaching plans, such as informal tests or quizzes. 10) Summative test Summative test is used at the end of the term, semester or year in order to measure what has been achieved both by groups and by individuals. 2． Discussion questions (Answer each question in no less than 200