语言学练习题Chapter2Linguistics.docVIP

Chapter Two Linguistics Define the following terms. syntagmatic relation vs paradigmatic relation langue vs parole competence vs performance descriptive linguistics vs historical linguistics theoretical linguistics vs applied linguistics deccriptive linguistics vs prescriptive linguistics synchronic vs diachronic linguistics macrolinguistics vs microlinguistics Comparative historical linguistics vs contrastive linguistics Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). 1) ( ) Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics because it can tell us how to speak correct language. 2) ( ) C ompetencce and performance refer respectively to a language user ’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations. ( ) The antithesis of langue and parole was created by Chomsky. ( ) Cockoo in English is onomatopoeia. 5) ( ) Synchronic linguistics is concerned with the study of language development through time. 6) ( ) Prescriptive linguists are concerned with how languages work, not with how they can be improved. 7) ( ) Linguistics tries to answer the basic questions ” what is a language ” and “How does a language work ”. 8) ( ) Onomatopoetic words are found in almost all human languages, which shows the arbitrary nature of languages. ( ) Each language contains two systems rather than one, a system of sound and a system of meaning. 10) ( ) Cultural transmission refers to the fact that the details linguistic system must be learned a new by each speaker.  of  the ( ) Phatic function refers to language used to exchange information and ideas. ( ) Speakers of all languages are capable of producing and comprehending an infinite set of sentences, which accounts for syntactic universality. 13) ( ) Hall iday ’s linguistic potential is similar to the notions of parole and performance ( ) By diachronie study we mean to study the changes and development of language. ( ) Langue is relativ