画法几何课件：第六讲 几何元素的相对位置 (2).ppt

第六讲 几何元素的相对位置 Lesson 6: Relative Position of Geometric elements 1 平行问题 Parallel (1) 直线与平面平行 Line parallel to Plane 定理： 若一直线平行于平面上的某一直线，则该直线与此平面必相互平行。 A line is parallel to a plane if it is parallel to a line in the plane. P L1 L2 L1//L2 L1//P 直线与平面平行 PARALLELISM: LINES AND PLANES AB ∥ CDEF ab ∥ cdef n? ● ● a? c? b? m? a b c m n 例1：过M点作直线MN平行于平面ABC。 Ex1: Construct line MN through M, required MN∥ABC 有无数解 Countless solutions 正平线 A frontal line 例2：过M点作直线MN平行于V面和平面ABC。 Ex2: Construct line MN , required MN∥V plane and MN∥ABC c? ● ● b? a? m? a b c m n 唯一解 Exclusive solution n? e? e b? b a? f? a d? f d k? k 例3：判断直线AB是否平行于?DEF. Ex3: Is the line AB parallel to ?DEF? P L2 A l? l a a? L1 l2 l2 ? l1? l1 L 例4: 过A点作与直线L平行的平面P Ex3: Construct plane P through point A, required P parallel to given line L 例5 过A点作平面P//L，且要求P为正垂面。 Ex4: Construct plane P through point A, required P//L and P⊥V l? l a? a AB//P 且βAB=45° 求AB Ex5: Req’d: Complete projection of AB p? p a? a b? b 由于P的V投影积聚为直线，则a ?b?平行于P，从而作出a ?b? 。 P⊥V,plane appears as a line on frontal plane, a ?b?∥P 2、平面与平面平行 Parallel planes ① 若一平面上的两相交直线对应平行于另一平面上的两相交直线，则这两平面相互平行。 If a pair of intersecting lines in one plane is parallel to a pair of intersecting lines in a second plane, the planes are parallel. ② 若两投影面垂直面相互平行，则它们具有积聚性的那组投影必相互平行。 Two perpendicular planes are parallel if their collecting projections are parallel. f? h? a b c d e f h a? b? c? d? e? c? f? b? d? e? a? a b c d e f ABCD ∥ EFGJ abcd ∥ efgj P L1 A p? p a a? L2 l1 l1? l2? l2 Q 例7：过A点作与平面P平行的平面Q Ex6: Construct Plane Q, required through point A and parallel to plane P 例9：过A作Q//P。 Construct Plane Q, required through point A and parallel to plane P PH a? a p? QH q? a c e b b? a? d? d f c? f? e? k h k? h? O X m? m 例10：判断平面ABDC与平面EFHM是否平行,已知AB∥CD∥EF∥MH Ex10: AB∥CD∥EF∥MH, determine whether or not the two planes ABDC and EFHM are parallel to each other. 由于ek不平行于ac,故两平面不平行。 p c q? p? a b a? c? b? p a1? b1? c