英语语法 句子成分时态语态.pptVIP

Grammar (1) Helena li  第一讲、句子成分与词性关系 句子种类(按结构划分) 大1.简单句:只包含一个主谓结构的句子。如 x We love our great motherland 大2.并列句:包含两个或以上主谓结构的句子 句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。如: * He had failed several times, but he persisted in his plan all the same  大石复合包白自含二在主白和一介或几个从句的 大 Do you see what I mean? x As it is so easy, you can do it at once x If she agrees, if her parents do not refuse, and if I have graduated, then I will marry her  五种基本句型和七大句子成分简单句) 大1.主语+谓语(SV)如 大 I work 女大注:主语(susy:动作的发出者 大谓语(Verb,):表示主语实施的动作,也可 状态 大2.主语+谓语+宾语(SVO) 大 We study English x She is writing a letter now 大注二宾语( Object,,v):动作的承受者;动作的 果  大3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补(SVoc) 大 I found lee a coward x They elected my uncle president 大注:补足语( Complement,C):用以补充说明宾语身份、 状态。 大4.主语+谓语+间宾+直宾( SVOiod) k The teacher told children stories x I give my fiends birthday gifts ★注:直接宾语( Direct Object):动作的直接对象; 大间接宾语( ndirect Object):动作的间接对象; 大 介词to 接宾语和间接宾语的位置,句子依然成立,而宾补不可以。个 $H: I give my fiends birthday gifts. -I give birthday gifts to my friend  大5.主语+系动词+表语(SVP) All the students are busy. x He always kept silent at meeting 大注:表语( Predicative,P):和系动词一道构成谓语 大系动词( Link verb):本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语 后边必须跟表语构成系表结构,说明主语的状况、性质、特 征等情况,所以也有人把系表结构分析为“主语+谓语+主语 补足语” 大常见的系动词 大(1)Be:am,is,are,was,were等; x大(2)感官动词:fee,smel, taste, sound,ook, appear,seem; 大(3)表示转变变化的动词: become,get,grow,turn,go 大(4)表示延续的动词: remain,keep,hod,stay,rest.  大6.附属成分 大定语( Attribute,At):修饰名词、代词;可以前置或后 置(一般后置定语可以使介词短语,分词,定语从句 等)。如 x Do you see the man at the door? Here is a homeless child suffering hunger He is a man who has succeeded by his own efforts 大状语( Adverbial,A):修饰动词、形容词或副词,也可 以放在句首或句尾。如 x He goes to work very early He studied hard to pass the exam 大 He ran quite fast  大7.同位语( Appositive,App):与前项或后 项所指相同,句法功能相同 x Early in the morning came the news that Spain defeat Portugal in the semifinal of the European C x They each have a personal account x We students should study hard  大8.入1(入8P)不京成分在 成分,也不和句子成分发生结构关系,既不起连 接作用也不