助动词和情态动词(20200930061649).docxVIP

助动词和情态动词 教学目的：了解助动词和情态动词的用法 教学重点：情态动词的用法 教学难点：情态动词+完成式 学时数： —、助动词 助动词本身无词义，它只是用来帮助主要动词构成各种时态、语态、语气以 及否定和疑问结构，助动词共有 5个：be, have, shall, do, will 。下面分别 讲述这五个助动词的用法： I . be的形式和用法 助动词be有八种形式： 冃疋式 缩略冃定式 否定式 缩略否定 式 原形 be 现在式第一人称单数 am m am not arent m not 现在式第二人称单数 he, she, it is s is not isnt s not 现在式第二人称单、复数和第 一、三人称复数 you, we, they are re are not arent re not 过去式第一、三人称单数I, he, she, it was was not was nt 过去式第二人称单、复数和第 一、三人称复数 you, we, they were were not werent 现在分词 being not being 过去分词 bee n not bee n Note:在英国英语中，arent使用很广泛。在美国英语中使用较多的是被认 为非标准的aint 。 助动词be的主要用法是： 与现在分词构成各种进行时态及与 have和现在分词构成完成进行进态 ⑴ Fear of crime is slowly paralyzing American society. 犯罪恐惧症正逐渐地使用美国社会陷于瘫痪。 The telepho ne had bee n ringing for three minu tes before it was an swereD. 电话铃响了三分钟才有人接。 与过去分词构成被动语态 Hewas an ardent fighter for freedom and indepen dence. He wasloved by millio ns and hated only by a han dful. 他是个争取自由和独立的 热诚战士，为成百万人所爱戴，为仅仅一小撮人所仇恨。 They cameto Europe where their mother had been educated and stayed three years. 他们来到他们的母亲受教育的欧洲，并待了三年。 此外，be还可用作连系动词，如： It was one of the happiest after noons he had ever spe nt. 那是他有生以来最愉快的一个下午。 n . have的形式和用法 助动词have有五种形式: 冃疋式 缩略冃疋式 否定式 缩略否定 式 原形 have ve have not have nt ve not 现在式第二人称单 数 has s has not has nt s not 现在式第二人称单 数 has s has not has nt s not 过去式 had d had not had nt d not 现在分词 hav ing not hav ing 过去分词 had 助动词have的主要用法是： 与过去分词构成各种完成时态 ⑴ Newt on has expla ined the movme nts of the moonfrom the attract ions of the earth. 牛顿阐明了月球受到地球引力而运行的规律。 (2) Reluctantly, she opened the door, she had not kept it locked; there had been non eed.她勉强地开了门。她没有锁门，也没有必要锁门。 与been +现在分词构成各种完成进行时态 Men have been digging salt out of it for six hundred years and yet there seems as much left as ever. 人们在这里掘盐已六年，但盐似乎 还是那么多。 In ano ther mon ths time Mr Henry will have bee n tea ching here for exactly thirty years. 再过一个月，享利先生就将在这里从事教学整 30 年了。 此外，have还可用作实义动词，意谓”有”、”吃”等 Bad n ews has win gs. 丑事传千里。 Youre an aemic, you must have some iron. 你患贫血症了，应该服一 些铁。 have还可用作使役动词 我们现已把这个问题解决了(