国际航行英语 4船上娱乐 Nautical Charts2.pptVIP

Maritime English * Maritime English Maritime English Maritime English UNIT TWO A nautical chart is a graphic representation of a maritime area and adjacent coastal regions. Chart Scales * The nature and importance of the area concerned govern the thoroughness with which the area must be examined and therefore the selection of the scale of the survey. Ports and harbors are usually surveyed on a scale of between 1:12,500 and 1: 5,000, and anchorages on a scale of only1: 25,000. Chart Scales * A general survey of a coast which vessels only pass in proceeding from one place to another is seldom made on a scale larger than 1 : 50,000. In such general surveys of coasts or little frequented anchorages, the surveyor does not contemplate that ships will approach the shore without taking special precautions. Chart Scale * Charts may be published on a smaller scale than the surveys on which they are based, though modem large scale charts are often published on the same scale as the original surveys. With an older chart it would be unwise to assume the original survey was on a larger scale than that of the chart itself. Use of Charts * At a scale of 1 : 600,000, a chart user who is capable of plotting to a precision of 0.2 mm must appreciate that this represents approximately 120 metres on the ground. At a scale of 1 : 25,000, the same plotting error will be only about 5 metres on the ground. Use of Charts * Thus, if the difference between a WGS84 Datum position and the horizontal datum of the chart is, say 50 metres, this would not be plottable at the smaller scale, ( the chart could effectively be said to be on WGS84 Datum) but would be plottable (2.0 ram), and therefore significant, at the larger scale. Use of Charts * This explains why it is not uncommon for small and medium scale approach charts to be referenced to WGS84 Datum while the larger scale port plans have no quoted horizontal datum. Similarly, some charts at scales of 1:50,000 and smaller just quote a referenc