OpticalAmplifiers-EDFA理论基础英文版.ppt

國立成功大學 電機工程學系 光纖通訊實驗室 黃振發教授 編撰 11.3.3 EDFA Power-Conversion Efficiency and Gain Figure 11-7. Gain behavior of an EDFA as a function of output signal power for various pump levels. 國立成功大學 電機工程學系 光纖通訊實驗室 黃振發教授 編撰 ? The dominant noise generated in an optical amplifier is amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). The origin of this is the spontaneous recombination of electrons and holes in the amplifier medium (transition 5 in Fig. 11-4). ? This recombination gives rise to a broad spectral background of photons that get amplified along with the optical signal. This effect is shown in Fig. 11-8 for an EDFA amplifying a signal at 1540 nm. ? The spontaneous noise can be modeled as a stream of random infinitely short pulses that are distributed all along the amplifying medium. Such a random process is characterized by a noise power spectrum that is flat with frequency. 11.4 Amplifier Noise 國立成功大學 電機工程學系 光纖通訊實驗室 黃振發教授 編撰 Figure 11-8. Representative 1480-nm pump spectrum and a typical output signal at 1540nm with the associated amplified-spontaneous-emission (ASE) noise. 11.4 Amplifier Noise 國立成功大學 電機工程學系 光纖通訊實驗室 黃振發教授 編撰 ? The power spectral density of the ASE noise is S ASE ( f ) = h n n sp [ G ( f ) – 1] = P ASE / D v opt (11-24) where P ASE is the ASE noise power in an optical bandwidth D v opt ? and n sp is the spontaneous-emission or population- inversion factor, defined as n sp = n 2 / ( n 2 – n 1 ) (11-25) where n 1 and n 2 are the fractional densities or populations of electrons in states 1 and 2, respectively. 11.4 Amplifier Noise 國立成功大學 電機工程學系 光纖通訊實驗室 黃振發教授 編撰 ? Thus, n sp denotes how complete the population inversion is between two energy levels. From Eq. (11.25), n sp 1, with equality holding for an ideal amplifier when the population inversion is complete. ? Typical values of n sp range from 1.4 to 4, depending on the wavelength and the pumping rate. ? The AS