if虚拟语气（整理）（一）.pdfVIP

英语动词有三种语气：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气 （用来表示说的话不是事实，或 者是不太可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望，建议，假设的语气叫虚拟语气。） 虚拟语气的考点： 1.条件句中的虚拟语气的用法； 2.条件句中虚拟语气的倒装； 3.名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法； 4.几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法； 5.虚拟语气时态的判定。 一、If 引导的虚拟条件句 区别： If it rains tomorrow，the crops will be saved. 陈述语气 If it rained tomorrow ，the crops would be saved. 虚拟语气 真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 真：eg . If he doesn ’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语) （不是虚拟语气） If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气） 非真：eg. If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。 （非真实条件状语从句） 二、虚拟语气在条件从句中： 【例句】1.If you had come a few minutes earlier，you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。（与过去事实相反） 2.If it were sunny tomorrow ，i would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。（与将来事实可能相反） 3.If i were you ，i would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。（与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你） 主从句的谓语形式 时间 If 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 现在 did/were Would/could/should/might+V. （原原 过去 had done Would/could/should/might+have+p.p 1.did/were 将来 2.should do Would/could/should/might+V. （原） 3.were to do （一）与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 表示与现在事实相反的情况， 例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你） 1 2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不知道） 3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水) 4.If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱） 5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些，就能通过考试了。（事实：没有努力 If+主+did （were ），主+would/should/could/might+动词原形 （二）与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 例：1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了） 2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made su