外科学-总论英文课件：BLOOD TRANSFUSION.ppt

BLOOD TRANSFUSIONCOMPLICATION OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION Significant growth of bacterial may occur if it is not stored at 4oC, mostly, G- Heavily contaminated blood causes sudden and severe endotoxemia :fever, hemorrhage Antibiotics to cover both aerobic and anaerobic organisms and supportive measures for bacteraemic shock Investigation (smear, culture) BLOOD TRANSFUSIONCOMPLICATION OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION CIRCULATORY OVERLOAD Occur in anaemic elderly patients with cardiac insufficiency Cardiac failure: pulmonary edema, CVP↑,gallop, dyspnea Only one unit of red cells should be given every 24 hours unless blood loss and anemia is acute Accompanied by 20mg frusemide intravenously BLOOD TRANSFUSIONCOMPLICATION OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION INFLEUENCE ON LIVER FUNCTION Too much bilirubin may impair liver function BLOOD TRANSFUSIONCOMPLICATION OF BLOOD TRANSFUSION INFECTIONS TRANSMITTED BY TRANSFUSION Virus infection: EB, hepatitis B, C, G Bacterial infection: malaria BLOOD TRANSFUSIONAUTOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION Use the patient’s own blood to provide support during surgery Reduces the demand for conventional blood donations Reduces transfusion-transmitted diseases and complication BLOOD TRANSFUSIONAUTOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION SALVAGED AUTOTRANSFUSION Collect heavy bleeding from the operative field Collected blood washed in a sterile solution to produce a suspension of the patient’s red cells Particularly useful for cardio-thoracic procedures, traumatic splenic raptures, ectopic pregnancy Staff and equipment to carry out the additional procedures are required BLOOD TRANSFUSIONAUTOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION SALVAGED AUTOTRANSFUSION BLOOD TRANSFUSIONAUTOLOGOUS BLOOD TRANSFUSION PREDEPOSITED AUTOTRANSFUSION Elective patient, once every 3-4weeks and 300-400ml every time until 3 days before operation Blood can be stored for up to 5 weeks for use during or after their operation Careful selection is required to ensure that patients are medically fit