英语语句语态知识点总结.pdfVIP

2种语态 主动语态 V. 作用：主语是动作的发出者 (即执行者)，表示谁做什么 结构：S.+V.+O. eg:I played football. Calvin love Sliver. 被动语态 be+V.(pp.) 作用：主语是动作的接受者 (即承受者)，表示谁/什么被怎样 强调动作的承受者 不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者 结构：一般现在时am/are/is+V.(pp.) 一般过去时was/were+V.(pp.) 一般将来时am/are/is going to be+V.(pp.) will be+V.(pp.) 现在进行时am/are/is being+V.(pp.) 过去进行时was/were being+V.(pp.) 现在完成时have/has been+V.(pp.) 过去完成时had been+V.(pp.) 含情态动词情态动词+be+V.(pp.) eg:Are you often taken to the park by your mother? Football was played by me. Were any invitations sent to the parents by them last week? The inventor is going to be invited to their school by them. A meeting will be had by me. Football is being played by usx. Trees were being planted by us. She has been helped with the problem by Tom. The house had been built by Mr Lee. This can’t be done in a short time. Can this be done by machine? 转换 ⒈主动语态变被动语态的基本方法 步骤：⑴找出主动语态句子中的主、谓、宾 ⑵把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语 ⑶看谁主动语态的时态，对应变成被动语态的结构 ⑷把主动语态的主语变成被动语态的宾语 将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语，将主动谓语变为被动谓语 (be+过去分词)，将主动语态的主语变为by短语 (在被动句中用作状 语)： He broke the cup. → The cup was broken by him. (若不强调动词执行者，被动语态中的by短语通常可以省略) He was born in 1986. 他生于1986年. What is this flower called? 这种花叫什么花? 备注： ⒈如果主动语态中see/make/let sb. do (等省去表示不定式的 to)，被动语态中要重新加上to. eg:I saw you play football.→You were seen to play football by me. My dog makes me feel happy.→I am made to feel happy by my dog. ⒉Sb.1 tell sb.2 to do→Sb.2 be told to do (看tell后面有否 主语) eg:My mother tells my father not to smoke any more. →My father is told not to smoke any more. ⒊其物需被...Sth. need doing→Sth. need to be done eg:Plants need watering. →Plants need to be watered. ⒋双宾动词的被动语态 双宾动词即指带双宾语的动词，它们在变为被动语态时，通常是把间接 宾语 (指人)变为被动语态的主语，而把直接宾语 (指事物)保留下来 (称 为保留宾语)： He answered me that question. → I was answered that question by him. 有的动词则通常把直接宾语 (指事物)变为被动语态的主语，而把间接宾 语改为介词