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Chapter Five
5.1 Introduction to Australia
Background
• Australian English is the variety of English spoken by
the Australians.
• It belongs to the Inner Circle.
• It exhibits its own phonological, lexical and syntactic
features.
History
• Australia first settled as a penal colony in early 19th
century (in 1788), two centuries later than America.
• Most early settlers were convicts mainly from London
area and Ireland.
• Voluntary immigrants increased later, esp. after the
discovery of gold in 1851.
Demographics
• Over 90%: ENL speakers.
Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge University Press.
Independence of Australian English
• Australian English has been established as an acceptable
standard variety only recently.
• The publications of three major dictionaries have helped
establish Australian English as a standard variety:
A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms (John Wilkes, 1978);
The Macquarie Dictionary (Arthur Delbridge et al, 1981);
The Australian National Dictionary (William Ransom, 1988).
Dialects and Roles
• Little regional variation; Three social varieties:
Cultivated Australian •11%
General Australian •55%
Broad Australian •34%
Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes. Cambridge University Press.
The Land
Australia is the smallest continent and the
biggest island in the world.
The Australian Flag The Australian Coat of Arms
有缘学习更多+谓ygd3076考证资料
图片来源:
The Great Barrier Reef
图片来源:
• The great barrier reef is the world’s largest coral
reef
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