5.1 Introducton to Australia外国文学名著导读.pdf

Chapter Five 5.1 Introduction to Australia Background • Australian English is the variety of English spoken by the Australians. • It belongs to the Inner Circle. • It exhibits its own phonological, lexical and syntactic features. History • Australia first settled as a penal colony in early 19th century (in 1788), two centuries later than America. • Most early settlers were convicts mainly from London area and Ireland. • Voluntary immigrants increased later, esp. after the discovery of gold in 1851. Demographics • Over 90%: ENL speakers. Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Language. Cambridge University Press. Independence of Australian English • Australian English has been established as an acceptable standard variety only recently. • The publications of three major dictionaries have helped establish Australian English as a standard variety: A Dictionary of Australian Colloquialisms (John Wilkes, 1978); The Macquarie Dictionary (Arthur Delbridge et al, 1981); The Australian National Dictionary (William Ransom, 1988). Dialects and Roles • Little regional variation; Three social varieties: Cultivated Australian •11% General Australian •55% Broad Australian •34% Kirkpatrick, A. (2007). World Englishes. Cambridge University Press. The Land Australia is the smallest continent and the biggest island in the world. The Australian Flag The Australian Coat of Arms 有缘学习更多+谓ygd3076考证资料 图片来源： The Great Barrier Reef 图片来源： • The great barrier reef is the world’s largest coral reef