分词作状语地逻辑主语与句子地主语不一致地种种情况.pdfVIP

分词作状语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致的种种情况 英语中常把分词或分词短语放在句首，作时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随状况、结果、目的 及让步等状语，分词或分词短语的逻辑主语必须与句中的主语相同（即保持一致） ，否则句 子就是错误的。例如： 1． Entering the room ，I found the walls newly-painted ．（对） 我走进房间时，发现墙壁油漆一新。 Entering the room ，the first thing that met eyes was the newly-painted walls ．（错） 2． Badly wounded the soldier was sent to hospital at once ．（对） Badly wounded ，we sent the soldier to hospital at once ．（错） 3． Being very busy ，I could not afford the time to go to the cinema ．（对） Being very busy ，the film tickets were given to others ．（错） 4 ． Led by the Party ，we are making great progress in our work ．（对） Led by the Party ，great progress in our work is being made ．（错） 5．Written in haste ，the letter had some mistakes．（对） Written in haste ，he made some mistakes in the letter ．（错） 6．Running after each other in the street ，the two boys were knocked down by a bike ．（对） Running after each other in the street ，a bike knocked down the two boys ．（错） 但在实际语言中， 时常可以遇到分词或分词短语作状语时， 其逻辑主语与整个句子的主语不 一致的现象， 但整个句子的语法结构又是正确的情况， 尤其是在科技作品和英美文学作品中 很为普遍， 这种分词在语法上称为游离分词 （unattached participle ）或称为无关分词 （unrelated participle ）或称为悬垂分词（ dangling participle ）。下面就来谈谈能够成立的情形： 1．The professor entered the lab，his students following him ．（伴随状况） 那位教授走进实验室，学生们在后面跟着。 2．A few seconds later ，he was looking at the screen again with the machinery turned on ．（伴 随状况） 几秒钟后，他开了机器，盯着荧光屏。 3．The day being very wet ， Mary wore her new mackintosh ．（原因状语） 因为这天是阴雨天气，玛丽穿上她的新雨衣。 4 ．The authorities having arrived and taken the seats reserved for them，the ceremony began．（时间状语） 在负责人到达并在为他们保留的座位上就座以后，典礼就开始了。 5．Weather permitting ，the ship will leave the harbour at dawn ．（条件状语） 如果天气不错的话，船将在黎明时离港。 6． He lay on his back ，his knees drawn up ．（方式状语） 他蜷着腿，仰面躺着。 只有一些分词或分词短语可用来表示说话