欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结[文].pdfVIP

欧洲文化入门听课笔记和重点总结 1. 希腊罗马 Homer Author of epics Sappho Lyric poet 三大悲剧家： Aeschylus Tragic dramatist Sophocles Tragic dramatist Euripides Tragic dramatist 喜剧家： Aristophanes Comedy writer 历 史学家 ： Herodotus wrote about wars between Greeks and Persians Father of history Thucydides wrote about wars between Athens and Sparta and Athens and Syracuse the greatest historian that have ever lived 哲学和科学： Pythagoras All things were numbers founder of scientific mathematics Heracleitue Fire is the primary element Democritus Materialist ， one of the earliest exponents of the atomic theory Socrates Dissect of oneself ， virtue was high worth of life ， dialectical method Plato Manhave knowledge because of the existence of certain general ideas Aristotle Direct observation ， theory follow fact ， idea and matter together made concrete individual realities Euclid a textbook of geometry Archimedes when a body is immersed in water its loss of weight is equal to the weight of the water displaced “Give mea place to stand and I ‘ll move the World ” Others Diogenes （the Cynics ） Pyrrhon （the Sceptics ） Epicurus （the Epicureans ） Zeno （the Stoics ） 4th century B.C. 后半叶希腊在 Alexander ， king of Macedon的领导下， 5th century B.C. 达到顶峰， 146 B.C. 被罗马攻克 2. 基督教和圣经 Jews—以前叫 Hebrews，3800B.C. 穿 过中东沙漠， 1300B.C.Moses带领 Hebrews离开埃及， 开 始 他 们 的 Exodus ， 他 在 Sinai 山 定 了 ten commandments in the name of God ，40 年后 Hebrews 定居 Pelestine ， known as Canaan ，Hebrew人的历 史口头传送记入