第十章-护理科学思维方法与决策.pptVIP

第十章 护理科学思维方法与决策 (Scientific thinking methods and clinical nursing decision);;;;;;;;重点： 1.正确陈述评判性思维的概念和构成要素； 2.正确陈述循证护理的概念和基本要素； 3.列出临床护理决策、循证护理的基本步骤； 4.列出发展评判性思维与临床护理决策能力的策略。 难点： 1.说明循证护理对临床护理决策的重要意义； 2.针对具体护理问题进行循证护理及临床决策的方法。;第一节 护理评判性思维 Critical thinking in nursing;;;二、护理评判性思维的标准 ;;;;;第二节 临床护理决策Clinical nursing decision;;;;;;;;;;;;;1．护理评判性思维主要包括智力因素、认知技能因素和 情感态度因素。 Critical thinking in nursing includes the cognitive and affective domains of reasoning, skills, and certain attitudes. ;2．评判性思维认知技能包括为解释、分析、评估、推论、 说明和自我调控。 Critical thinking skills include the ability to make valid inferences, do critical analysis, evaluate the credibility of information sources, perform inductive and deductive reasoning, clarify concepts, and implement self regulation. ;3．评判性思维者应具有的态度倾向：自信、公正、正直、责 任心、执着、谦虚、好奇、独立思考、冒险和勇气。 Critical thinkers have certain attitudes: confidence, fair mindedness, integrity, responsibility, perseverance, intellectual humility, curiosity, thinking independently, and intellectual courage to challenge the status quo and rituals. ; 4．临床护理决策的步骤包括明确问题、陈述目标、选择方案、 实施方案以及评价和反馈。 The steps of decision-making process in nursing include indentifing the problem, setting goals, seeking alternatives and making choices, implementing and evaluating the action. ;5. 循证护理是护士审慎、准确、明智地将当前所能获得的最佳 研究证据与其临床经验以及病人的意愿相结合，在某一特定 领域作出符合病人需求的临床护理决策的过程。 Evidence-based nursing (EBN) can be defined as the conscientious, explicit, and judicious use of current best available evidence in making decisions about the care of patients. The practice of evidence-based nursing means integrating the best available external clinical evidence from systematic research with individual clinical expertise and patient preference and values.; 6. 循证护理的基本要素包括可获得的来自研究的最佳证 据、护士的专业判断、病人的意愿和价值观、证据应用 的情境。 Evidence-based nursing inclu