有机化学英文课件chpt12.docxVIP

第十二章胺类 Amines OrganicOrganic ChemistryChemistry XiamenXiamen UniversityUniversity  Amines are organic derivatives of ammonia in the same way that alcohols and ethers are organic derivatives of water. H2O ROH R2O Water alcohol ether NH3 RNH2 R2NH R3N ammonia amines OrganicOrganic ChemistryChemistry  12.1 胺的结构和命名 XiamenXiamen UniversityUniversity  Structure and Nomenclature of Amines OrganicOrganic ChemistryChemistry  Structure Amines are classified as primary (RNH2), secondary (R2NH) , or tertiary (R3N), depending on the number of organic substituents attached to nitrogen. XiamenXiamen UniversityUniversity  CH3NH2 (CH3)2NH (CH3)3N methylamine dimethylamine trimethylamine primary secondary tertiary 伯胺(一级胺) 仲胺(二级胺) 叔胺(三级胺) OrganicOrganic ChemistryChemistry XiamenXiamen UniversityUniversity  Note Note that this usage of the terms primary, secondary, and tertiary is different from our previous usage. When we speak of a tertiary alcohol or alkyl halide, we refer to the degree of substitution at the alkyl carbon atom. When we speak of a tertiary amine, however, we refer to the degree of substitution at the nitrogen atom. OrganicOrganic ChemistryChemistry  CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 C OH CH3 N CH3 C NH2 CH3 CH3 CH3 tert-Butyl alcohol Trimethylamine tert-Butylamine (a tertiary alcohol) (a tertiary amine) (a primary amine) XiamenXiamen UniversityUniversity  In secondary and tertiary amines, the alkyl groups may be the same or different. (CH3CH2)2NH CH3CH2NHCH3 CH3 N N CH3 CH3 OrganicOrganic ChemistryChemistry  Compounds with four groups attached to nitrogen are also known, but the nitrogen atom must carry a positive charge. Such compounds are called quaternary ammonium salts. XiamenXiamen UniversityUniversity  R R X R N 季铵盐 A quaternary ammonium salt R OrganicOrganic ChemistryChemistry XiamenXiamen UniversityUniversity  Nomenclature of Amines Primary amines are named in the IUPAC system in several ways depending on their structure. For simple amines, the suffix -amine i