大学体验英语第四版第二册-1A-The university of Oxford.docVIP

Unit 1. Famous Universities Passage A. The University of Oxford [1] The University of Oxford is the oldest university in Britain and one of the worlds most famous institutions of higher learning, established during the 1100s. It is located in Oxford, England, about 80 kilometers northwest of London. 牛津大学是英国最古老的大学，也是世界上最著名的高等学府之一，始建于公元1100年代。它位于英国牛津，在伦敦西北约80公里处。 [2] Oxford is very competitive: more than 19 000 people applied for around 3200 undergraduate places for entry in 2016, which means that Oxford receives, on average, nearly 6 applications for each available place. 40% of the total student body — over 9 300 students — is citizens of foreign countries. Students come to Oxford from over 140 countries and territories. There are 38 Oxford colleges plus six permanent private halls, which are similar to colleges except that they tend to be smaller, and were founded by various religious groups. 牛津大学的竞争非常激烈：2016年有超过19000人申请了约3200个本科入学名额，这意味着牛津大学平均每个入学名额都会收到近6份申请。学生总数的40%—9300多名学生—是外国公民。来自140多个国家和地区的学生来到牛津。牛津大学共有38所学院，外加6个永久性的私人大学堂，它们与大学相似，只不过规模较小，而且是由不同的宗教团体创立的。 [3] At Oxford, each college is a corporate body distinct from the university and is governed by its own head and fellows. Most fellows are college instructors called tutors, and the rest are university professors and lecturers. Each college manages its own buildings and property, elects its own fellows, and selects and admits its own undergraduate students. The university provides some libraries, laboratories, and other facilities, but the colleges take primary responsibility for the teaching and well-being of their students. 牛津的每个学院都是独立于大学的实体，由该学院的院长和管委会成员负责管理。绝大多数管委会成员都是被称为导师的学院教师其余的是大学教授和讲师。每个学院管理自己的房产和资产，选举自己的管委会，遴选和招收自己的本科生。大学提供一些图书馆、实验室和其他设施，但教学和学生生活主要由各学院负责。 [4] The university, not the individual colleges, grants degrees. The first degree in the arts or sciences is the Bachelor of Arts with honors. Oxford also grants higher degrees, diplomas, and certificates in a wide variety of subjects. 学位由大学