2018考研英语冲刺测试卷.docxVIP

Born to win 2018 考研英语（一）冲刺测试卷 试题 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET . (10 points) If sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms have a problem. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as __1__ to the competitive survival of the firm in the United States. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired or __2__ at the lowest possible cost —much __3__one buys raw materials or equipment. The lack of importance ___4___ to human resource management can be seen in the corporation hierarchy. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second __5___ command. The __6__ of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who ___7___ it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to ___8___ to Chief Executive Officer(CEO). ___9___, in Japan the head of human-resource management is central — usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firms ___10___. As a ___11___, problems ___12___ when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American workers, for example, take much longer to learn ___13___ to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers on Germany (as they do), the effective cost of those stations is ___14___ in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at capacity, and the need for ___15___ retraining ___16___ costs and creates bottlenecks that ___17___ the speed with ___18___ new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological ___19___. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population ___20___ the wages of the top half. If the bottom half cant effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go