各论II 9、代谢与体温.pdfVIP

Energy metabolism 能量代谢 The metabolic processes by which energy is made available for the use of the body Energy sources 能量的来源 Carbohydrates - mainly glucose 65 % of the total energy Glycolysis (糖酵解) and citric acid cycle Fat – fatty acids The storage of fat in the body is much greater than that of glucose The energy liberated by oxidation of 1 g of fat is 2 times that produced by the same amount of glucose Proteins The amount of energy provided by proteins is relatively small in human being Protein will become the major energy source to maintain the essential vital activities in special conditions Energy transfer and utilization 能量的转移和利用 ATP: “Energy Currency” ATP is generated by combustion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins Energy from ATP can be used by the cells Synthesis and growth Muscular contraction Glandular secretion Nerve conduction Active absorption Phosphocreatine (磷酸肌酸): an ATP “buffer” Heat is the end product of almost all the energy released in the body Obesity 肥胖 Energy intake energy expenditure Measurement of Energy Metabolism 能量代谢的测定 Metabolic rate Metabolism per unit time especially as estimated by food consumption, energy released as heat, or oxygen used in metabolic processes Method Direct Calorimetry 直接测热法 Indirect Calorimetry 间接测热法 Direct Calorimetry 直接测热法 Indirect Calorimetry 间接测热法 - Estimation of the heat produced by means of the respiratory differences of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the inspired and expired air C H O + 6O = 6CO + 6H O + ΔH 6 12 6 2 2 2 Thermal equivalent of food (食物的