生物化学-第八章-糖酵解说课材料.ppt

生物化学-第八章-糖酵解;糖代谢概况; 氧化分解 CO2, H2O, ATP 血糖 合成 糖原 转化 脂肪酸、氨基酸等;总论;有氧呼吸 糖在有氧存在下分解为CO2 、水和放出能量 无氧呼吸 糖的无氧分解过程 酵解、发酵;糖酵解（Glycolysis)——EMP途径;糖酵解的研究历史 解释发酵现象的人 1854-1864 Louis Paster 发酵是由微生物引起的;发现酵解本质的人 1897 榨酵母汁 蔗糖 Hans Buchner 和 Eduard Buchner 发酵并不需要整个???整细胞参与;;1900s, Arthur Harden and William Young ：Pi is needed for yeast juice to ferment glucose, a hexose diphosphate (fructose 1,6-bisphosphate) was isolated.;1900s, Arthur Harden and William Young (Great Britain) separated the yeast juice into two fractions: one heat-labile, nondialyzable zymase (enzymes) and the other heat-stable, dialyzable cozymase (metal ions, ATP, ADP, NAD+). ;;1910s-1930s, Gustav Embden and Otto Meyerhof(Germany), studied muscle and its extracts: Reconstructed all the transformation steps from glycogen to lactic acid in vitro; revealed that many reactions of lactic acid (muscle) and alcohol (yeast) fermentations were the same! Discovered that lactic acid is reconverted to carbohydrate in the presence of O2 (gluconeogenesis); observed that some phosphorylated compounds are energy-rich. ;;;Glycolysis was also known as Embden-Meyerhof pathway. The whole pathway of glycolysis (Glucose to pyruvate) was elucidated by the 1940s.;一、糖酵解过程概述; 1、碳骨架的变化： 6C糖 2个3C糖 葡萄糖 2 乳酸 或 葡萄糖 2 乙醇 + 2 CO2; 2、能量的变化 酵解（产生乳酸） 2ATP 发酵 （产生酒精） 2ATP;P;3、糖酵解中间产物都是磷酸化合物 意义： （1）带有极性，不易随便出入细胞 （2）被酶识别，与酶结合 （3）传递能量; 二、糖酵解过程全图 Glucose + 2 ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+? 2 pyruvate + 2ATP + 2H2O + 2NADH + 2H+;葡萄糖 葡萄糖-6-磷酸 果糖-6-磷酸 果糖- 1， 6-二磷酸 丙酮酸 磷酸二 甘油醛 烯醇式丙酮酸 羟丙酮 + 3-磷酸 甘油酸-1，3-二磷酸 磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸 3 -磷酸-甘油酸 2 -磷酸-甘油酸