气候变化下的澳大利亚森林火灾.pdfVIP

时文拓展阅读 │气候变化下的澳大利亚森林火灾 数千年来，澳大利亚的原住民利用野火为自己创造了很多便利，比如清理植被来开辟土地。与此同时，特定的 澳大利亚本土植物群也依赖着丛林大火繁殖，比如大火可以使一些桉树的种子开裂，从而得以生根发芽。这成为了 澳大利亚生态的重要组成部分。可是，自2019 年9 月初澳大利亚发生森林火灾以来，这场持续了四个多月的大火 给当地的人民和生态带来更多的，却是痛苦和灾难。 阅读短文并回答问题 This season, the bushfires in Australia have burned more than 12.35 million acres of land. At least 25 people have been killed and 2000 homes destroyed. According to the BBC, this is the most casualties （伤 亡）from wildfires in the country since 2009. The University of Sydney estimates that 480 million animals have died in South Wales alone. Zeke Hausfather, an energy systems analyst and climate researcher at Berkeley Earth, said warmer temperatures and extreme weather have made Australia more susceptible to fires and increased the length of the fire season. “The drier conditions combined with record high temperatures in 2019 created main conditions for the disastrous fires. Australia’s fires were worsened by the combination of those two. 2019 was the perfect storm for being the warmest year on record for Australia and the driest year on record for Australia,” Hausfather added on Friday. Kevin Trenberth, a senior scientist at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research, said warmer ocean temperatures are also contributed to more variable weather around the world. Trenberth believes that global warming contributed to energy imbalances and hot spots in the oceans, which can create a wave in the atmosphere that locks weather patterns in places, causing longer rain events in Indonesia, for example, and at the same time contributing to drought in Australia. He said that once an area experiences drought conditions for two months or more, it increases the risk of fires catching and spreading. Those changing