生物体中所有化学反应之总及.ppt

;I. Catabolic and anabolic reactions;3;II. Enzymes;II - 1. Naming enzymes ;6;II - 2. Enzyme components;ex : CoQ;9;II - 3. The mechanism of enzymatic  action;drug;II - 4. Factors influencing enzymatic  activity;Temp ;14;NCI;16;II - 5. Ribozymes ;III. Energy production;III - 1. Oxidation-reduction reactions;20;21;III - 2. The generation of ATP;NAD ? FAD(FMN) ? CoQ ? Cyt ? O2 ? H2O;IV. Metabolic pathways of energy  productions;V. Carbohydrate catabolism;26;V - 1. Glycolysis;28;V - 2. Alternatives to glycolsis;The Enter-Doudoroff pathway G(-) : Rhizobium, Pseudomonas Agrobacterium. G(+) 則不行pathway. ??驗室鑑定Pseudomonas. ;V - 3. Cellular respiration defined;V-3-1 Aerobic respiration;33;34;V-3-2 The chemiosmotic mechanism of  ATP generation;36;37;V-3-3 A summary of aerobic respiration;39;40;V-3-4 Anaerobic respiration;V-3-5 Fermentation;圖 5.17 發酵作用。小插圖顯示發酵作用與整體能量產生之關係。(a) 發酵作用，第一步驟為糖酵解作用，葡萄糖被分解為丙酮酸。第二步驟中，由糖酵解作用所產生之還原態輔酶及其相關物質 (如NADH, NADPH) 提供電子及質子給丙酮酸以形成發酵產物。(b)不同發酵作用之終產物。 於發酵作用中、ATP只於糖酵解作用中產生。;V-3-5(1) Lactic acid fermentation;45;V-3-5(2) Alcohol fermentation;47;48;49;VI. Lipid catabolism;51;VII. Protein catabolism;VIII. Biochemical tests;54;55;IX. Photosynthesis ;;IX-1. The light reaction :photophosphorylation;;60;XI-2. The dark reaction : the Calvin- Benson cycle;62;X. A summary of energy production  mechanisms;64;X-1. Metabolic diversity among  organisms;66;X-1-1. Photoautotrophs;Green sulfur bacteria(如Chlorobium : S, sulfide[H2S] ? SO42-. or H2 ? CO2). purple sulfur bacteria(如Chromatium 亦能利用S, sulfide or H2 ? CO2). 其與green sulfur bacteria最大差別 : chlorophyll 種類 貯存S之位置不同. ;光合細菌 : bacteriochlorophylls, 吸收較chlorophyll a 為長之light. Green sulfur bacteria之bacteriochlorophylls 於 chlorosomes 之小囊中. purple sulfur bacteria 之 bacteriochlorophylls 於 intracytoplasmic membranes 中.;;X-1-2. Photoheterotrophs;X-1-3. Chemoautotrophs;X-1-4. Chemoheterotrophs;XI. Metabolic pathways of energy use,  anabolism;XI-1. Polysacchari