《国际工程英语》课件Building Structures.ppt

3. Masonry Structures brick and stone, reinforced concrete durability, fire resistance, heat resistance and formative effects poor deformability or ductility fall down (earthquake); ductile materials 4. Timber Structures timber in seismic areas earthquake resistant (light weight) Ⅱ Components of Reinforced Concrete Structures 1. Slabs 2. Beams 3. Columns 4. Walls 5. Foundations Ⅲ Loads classified in several ways : 1. With respect to the manner of their application ⑴ Static loads ⑵ Dynamic loads 2. With Respect to the Duration of Their Action on the structure ⑴ Dead loads ⑵ Live loads 3. According to the area over which they are distributed ⑴ Concentrated loads ⑵ Distributed loads 4. Environmental Loads ⑴ Wind loads ⑵ Snow loads ⑶ Earthquake loads ⑷ Hydrostatic and soil pressure L/O/G/O Building Structures Ⅰ Types of Structures part of a building, carry weight and loads 4 types: (with respect to materials) concrete structures steel structures masonry structures 砌体结构 timber structures 1. Concrete Structures consists of shear walls and frames of concrete; classification: plain concrete, reinforced concrete and prestressed concrete (预应力混凝土) 4 types: (according to the ways in which the transfer of loads will take place) ⑴ Framed structures beams and columns; vertical loads horizontal (slab) ⑵ Shear wall structures concrete continuous vertical walls; for the lateral load resistance of the buildings; as vertical cantilevers; suitable for multistory buildings and tall buildings ⑶ Wall-frame structures shear walls combined with frames; flexural-shear deflection form (弯剪变形的形式); interact horizontally; stiffer and stronger structure ⑷ Tube structures tall buildings; closely spaced columns & deep?spandrel beams as a hollow tube or the rigid box 2. Steel Structures much better compression and tension capacity ; lighter 3 groups: ⑴ Framed structures for residences ⑵ Shell structures the shell encloses a space ⑶ Suspended structures large clear s