《国际工程英语》课件Construction Contractors & Risks in Carrying out a Contract.ppt

Construction Contractors & Risks in Carrying out a Contract I Construction Contractors 1. General Contractors ⑴ to execute and complete the works ⑵ to remedy any defects during the Defects Notification Period ⑶ submit the securities, guarantees and insurance policies and commence the works ⑷ provide all necessary materials, equipment ⑸ responsible for his own staff and work force ⑹ communicate with the Engineer and Employer 2. Subcontractors The general contractor parcels out much of the work to separate subcontractors, each specializing in his own particular trade. 3. Speciality Contractors (专业承包商) include mechanical, electrical, foundation (地基), excavation (挖掘) and demolition (拆除，拆毁) contractors among others. 4. Material and Equipment Suppliers (材料与设备供应商) ⑴ include speciality contractors in structural steel fabrication (制造) and erection (竖立，建造), sheet metal, ready mixed concrete delivery, reinforcing steel bar detailers, roofing, glazing (装玻璃/窗), etc. ⑵ Equipment Suppliers include manufacturers of generators (发电机), boilers (锅炉), piping and other equipment. ⑶ less obvious in the distribution between speciality contractors and material suppliers. II Risks 1. Types of Risks ⑴ Risk of technology and quality (技术、性能、质量风险) ⑵ Risk of project management (项目管理风险) ⑶ Risk of organization (组织风险) ⑷ Risk of Extra-project (项目外部风险) Risk in finance, time, design, quality and safety. 2. Methods to Deal with the Risks ⑴ Risk avoidance (风险回避) ⑵ Risk transference (风险转移) ⑶ Risk sharing (风险分担) ⑷ Risk to self-shoulder (风险自担) 3. Risks for Contractors ⑴ Risk in tender ⑵ Risk in the agency ⑶ Risk in price ⑷ Risk in signing the contract ⑸ Risk in carrying out contracts ① low quality of managers ② mistakes in translation of contracts ③ risks in the construction process 4. How to Minimize the Risks in the Contract ⑴ Analyze the T.D. carefully before tender ⑵ Inspect the site carefully ⑶ Clarify all the questions before signing the contract ⑷ Claim in carrying out the contract 5. Risks