小儿先天性心脏病介入治疗常见并发症的护理进展.docVIP

小儿先天性心脏病介入治疗常见并发症的护理进展 目 录 TOC \o 1-3 \h \z \u 摘 要 I 一、前言 1 二、影响并发症的相关因素 1 （一）心律失常 1 （二）血栓形成和栓塞 2 （三）局部出血或血肿 2 （四）其他因素 3 1.体温升高 3 2.残余分流和机械性溶血 3 3.封堵器脱落 3 三、围手术期一般护理 3 （一）术前护理 3 （二）术中护理 4 （三）术后护理 4 四、介入治疗并发症护理的对策及进展 4 （一）CHD介入治疗 4 （二）肝素钠注射 4 （三）压迫止血 5 （四）其他护理 5 五、小结 5 参考文献 6 致 谢 8 PAGE I 摘 要 由于先心病患儿年龄偏低的特殊性,大部分患儿介入治疗时需作全麻,10岁以上者可作局麻.且不同的介入术式又有其相应的适应证，如动脉导管未闭封堵术适用于年龄6个月以内,且左向右分流不合并需外科手术的心脏畸形的PDA;室间隔缺损封堵术适用于年龄大于3岁,且无主动脉右冠瓣脱垂及主动脉瓣关闭不全的患儿,经导管介入治疗先天性心脏病由于具有可避免开胸手术的创伤和危险，且缩短住院时问、患者痛苦小、成功率高等特点已成为治疗一些先天性心脏病的首选方法。与此同时，先天性心脏病介入治疗的并发症与安全性亦越来越引起关注，熟悉和掌握并发症的观察及处理是至关重要的。 关键词：先天性；心脏病；并发症；护理 Abstract Because of the particularity of the low age of the children with congenital heart disease, most of the children need to be given general anesthesia during the interventional treatment, and the patients over 10 years old can be given local anesthesia. And different interventional methods have their corresponding indications, such as PDA with patent ductus arteriosus occlusion applied to the patients within 6 months of age, and left to right shunt not combined with cardiac malformation requiring surgery; VSD occlusion applied to the patients over 3 years old, In the children without right aortic valve prolapse and aortic valve insufficiency, transcatheter interventional therapy for congenital heart disease has become the first choice for the treatment of some congenital heart diseases because it can avoid the trauma and risk of thoracotomy, shorten the length of stay, reduce the patients pain and high success rate. At the same time, more and more attention has been paid to the complications and safety of interventional therapy for congenital heart disease. It is very important to be familiar with and master the observation and treatment of complications. Key words : Congenital; Heart Disease; Complication; Nursing PAGE 2 一、前言 小儿先天性心脏病(简称先心病,Congenital Heart Disease, CHD)以手术治疗为主要手段,临床已大量开展的可应用介入治疗的先心病为房间隔缺损(ASD)、