2020公共卫生实践.pptVIP

Public Health Practice and Improvement Framework – Practices and Essential Services – 公共卫生实践 , 改善框架 - 实践和关键服务 - 2 Public Health Infrastructure Goal 公共卫生基础设施目标 ? Every health department better prepared ? 每一个卫生部门都应该准备好 ? Every community better protected ? 每一个社区都受很好的保护 What does it take to be fully prepared? 如何才能做好充分的准备？ 3 Step One 第一步 1. Develop a Community Health Assessment Plan 制定 社区卫生评估计划 2. Gather Most Important Data 收集重要数据 3. Interpret the Data 对数据进行分析 4. Report 撰写报告 ? brief, 简洁 ? to the point, 重点突出 ? clear data 数据明晰 ? specific recommendations 明确的建议 4 Assessment Essential Services 评价关键服务 1. Monitor health status to identify community health problems 监测卫生现状 , 确定社区卫生问题 2. Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community 诊断和调查社区的卫生问题 和健康危害 3. Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services 评价有效 性 , 可获得性 , 以及个人和人群健康服务的质量 5 Causes of Premature Death in the U.S. 1990 1990 年美国过早死亡的原因 Cause 原因 % of Total Deaths 总死亡 Tobacco 烟草 38% Diet/activity patterns 饮食 / 运动模式 28% Alcohol 酒精 10% Microbial agents 微生物 8% Toxic agents 毒物 6% Firearms 枪支 4% Sexual behavior 性行为 2% Motor vehicles 交通事故 2% Illicit drugs 非法毒品 1% Source: McGinnis Foege, JAMA 1993 What would be the leading causes in China? 在中国首要原因是什么 ? 6 What is Most Important to Monitor? Some possible criteria… 监测的重点是什么？一些可能的标准 ? Contribute most to years of productive life lost? 是否导 致生产年的丧失？ ? Affects other regions and countries? 是否影响其他的 区域和国家？ ? Could be improved greatly with good data 是否可以通 过好的数据显著改善健康状 况？ 7 Top Three Health Problems? ___ Aging problems 老龄 化 ___ Cancers 癌症 ___ Child abuse /neglect, orphans 虐待儿童 ___ Diabetes 糖尿病 ___ Domestic Violence 家庭暴力 ___