2014-2015(1)翻译理论入门.doc

2014-2015(1) 翻译理论入门复习题 Part I True or False Questions.（20%，2 point each） Part II Short Statements.（20%，5 point each） Directions: Please make short statements to the following items. 1. Nida’s science of translating. In Nida’s opinion, translating is neither a science nor an art and it is not proper to view translating as either of them. Nida’s “science of translating’’ is to describe the process of translation in a scientific manner just as linguistics can do. Nida defines his “science of translation” as “the scientific description of the processes involved in translating”. The actual translating of a text reflects a highly developed skill, but the study of translating as a type of human activity can, of course, be done in a scientific manner. Nida objects to taking translation as a science or an art in a simple way. 2. Catford: Translation shift Catford is the first one to introduce the term “shift” into?translation. He followed the linguistic model and analyzed language as communication, operating functionally in context and?on?a range of levels and ranks. Shift is defined as deviation which corresponds with form occurs in the process of conversion of source language into target language. And then he divided?shifts?into two kinds: level?shifts?and category?shifts. By a shift of level, we mean that a SL item at one linguistic level (phonology, graphology, grammar and lexis) has a TL?translation?equivalent at a different level. Category?shifts?are departures from formal correspondence. Shift of category can be subdivided in 4 kinds: structure shift, class shift, unit/rank shift and intra-system shift. Catford said that structural shifts are the most common form of shifts and involve mostly a shift in grammatical structure. 3. Three variable elements of register theory and their metafunction meanings. Register includes: 1.field: what is being written about; 2.Tenor: who is communicating and to whom ; 3.Mode: the form of communication. The field of a tex