语言学期末总结.docxVIP

第一章 语言的基本特征 Design features of language (p4-7) Arbitrariness, Duality, Creativity and Displacement 2.  Arbitrariness  的三层含义  What  ’ s the three different  levels  of Arbitrariness ① the relationship  between the sound of a morpheme and its  meaning is arbitrary language is not arbitrary at the syntactic level, in other words, syntax is less arbitrary than words ③ conventionality is the other side of the coin of arbitrariness. Duality 和 Displacement 的定义 (p5) By DUALITY is meant the property of having two levels of structures, units of the primary level are composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own principles of organizations.  such that 4. 语言的功能 Functions of language （p9） Informative, function, interpersonal function, performative  function,  emotive function, phatic communion, recreational function, metalingual function. Performative 的定义（ p11） The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons, the kind of language employed in performative verbal acts is usually quite formal and even ritualized. The performative function can extend to the control of reality as on some magical or religious occasions. Main branches of linguistics (p15) Psycholinguistics (p18) PSYCHOLINGUISTICSinvestigates the interrelation of language and mind, in processing and producing utterances and in language acquisition for example. In the psycholinguistic study of grammar, the psycholinguistic constraints on the form of grammar are examined. It also studies language development in the child, such as the theories of language acquisition; biological foundations of language; and a profound aspect — the relationship between language and cognition. 8. Important Distinctions in Linguistics 中各分点的定义 (p19) Langue Parole (p21) Saussure现代语言学的开山鼻祖 Chomsky 美国语言学家，转换 - 生成语法的创始人 第二章 12. 语音学研究的三个领域 the three main areas of the study of sounds( Phonetics) p24） Articulatory Phonetics is the st