国外航校私照飞行员地面课lesson.pptVIP

Sierra Academy of Aeronautics Weather Hazards/Services Lesson 12 Weather Hazards Wake Turbulence Today’s Topics Thunderstorms Thunderstorm Three ingredients to a thunderstorm Lifting Action Unstable Air Moisture Stages of a Thunderstorm Cumulus Mature Dissipating Thunderstorms: Critical Thinking How far away should pilots stay away from thunderstorms? Why should pilots remain that far from a thunderstorm? What other significant weather can be associated with thunderstorms? Fog Fog Types Radiation Fog Advection Fog Upslope Fog Precipitation Induced Fog Ingredients for Fog Temperature-Dew Point spread is less than 2 degrees Celsius and decreasing Radiation Fog Advection Fog Up-Slope Fog Precipitation Induced Fog Icing Icing Types of Ice Clear Rime Mixed Frost Ingredients for Ice Visible Moisture Temperature at or below freezing Icing: Critical Thinking Can a VFR pilot fly into known icing conditions? If icing accumulates on your airplane what should you do? What types of features on an airplane prevent icing or de-ice the airplane in flight? Weather Facts Standard Pressure 29.92 Standard Temperature 15 degrees Celsius Standard Lapse Rate 2 degrees Celsius Per 1,000 Feet Land Changes Temperature faster than Water Sea Breeze/Land Breeze As altitude increases temperature generally goes? Up Down Stays the same Why? Review ? Occurs when the temperature goes up with altitude. Acts as a lid for weather and pollutants Over time can lead to low visibility – due to fog, haze, smoke and low clouds. Temperature Inversion Dew Point is the temperature at which the air would be saturated (100% Relative Humidity) If Temperature and DP are within 2⁰ you will have visible moisture (clouds or precipitation) Dew Point Amount of moisture in the air compared to the total amount that can be held at that temperature Warmer air can hold more moisture Relative Humidity Temperature and dewpoint converge at about 4.5⁰ per 1,000 feet You can estimate Cumulus cloud bases Temp 85⁰ D