语言学第四章课后学习练习.docxVIP

The following phrases include a head, a complement, and in some cases a specifier. Draw the appropriate tree structure for each phrases. a. rich in minerals AP A PP P NP N Rich in minerals b. often read detective stories VP Qual V NP A N Often read detective stories c. the argument against the proposals NP NP PP Det N P NP Det N the argument against the proposals d. already above the window PP Qual P NP Det N already above the window The following sentences contain modifiers of various types. For each sentence, first identify the modifier(s), then draw the tree structures. a. A crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution. Infl P(S) NP Infl VP V NP PP Det AP N None pst Det N P NP A AP N A A crippled passenger landed the airplane with extreme caution b. A huge moon hung in the black sky. Infl P (s) NP Infl VP Det AP N V PP P NP A Det AP N A A huge moon hung in the black sky C. The man examined his car carefully yesterday. Infl P （ S） NP infl VP Det N pst V NP Adv Adv Det N The man examined his car carefully yesterday d. A wooden hut near the lake collapsed in the storm. Infl P (S) NP Infl VP Det AP N PP V PP P NP P NP Det N Det N A wooden hut neat the lake collapsed in the storm 10. The following sentences all contain conjoined categories. Draw a tree structure for each of the sentences. a. Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants. InflP(=S) NP ＶＰ Aux V NP N Det A NP N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants or InflP(=S) NP ＶＰ Aux V NP N Det A NP N CON N Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants b. Helen put on her clothes and went out. InflP(=S) NP VP VP CON VP VP NP V Adv V P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went out OR InflP(=S) NP Infl VP pst VP CON VP VP NP  V  Adv V P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went out c. Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics. InflP(=S) NP  VP  VP CON  VP N Mary  VP V A is  NP P N fond of  VP NP V A P N literature but (is) tired of statistics OR InflP(=S) Infl NP VP nonpst VP  CON