初中被动语态语法讲解.pdfVIP

一、语态概述 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。 例如：Many people speak English. 谓语：speak 的动作是由主语many people 来执行的。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象，通常翻译为“被”“由”等，巧记为：被动、被动、 主被动。 例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English 是动词speak 的承受者。 主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。 所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句 子。 例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened. 门被开了。(被动句) 二、被动语态的构成 被动语态由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be 的变化表现出来 的。 一般现在时：am / is / are + done 一般过去时：was / were + done 一般将来时：shall / will + be done 现在进行时：am / is / are + being + done 过去进行时：was / were + being + done 现在完成时：have / has + been + done 歌诀是：被动语态be 字变，过去分词跟后面。 例子 1. 一般现在时： My parents dont allow me to go out at night. I am not allowed to go out at night.. 2. 一般过去时： They ate much food last night. Much food was eaten last night. 3. 一般将来时： They will send cars to the USA by sea. Cars will be sent to the USA by sea. 4. 现在进行时： We are painting the rooms. The rooms are being painted. 5. 过去进行时： The workers were mending the road. The road was being mended. 6. 现在完成时： He has finished his homework. His homework has been finished. 三、含有情态动词的被动语态 含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be ＋过去分词”构成，原来带to 的情态动词变成被动 语态后“to”仍要保留。 歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be 加“过分” ，原来带to 要保留。 例如： We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days. You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away. 1 You must hand in your papers after class. Your papers must be handed in after class. 四、被动语态的用法 (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷 的) This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981 年。 (2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。 例如：the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的