假单胞菌对生鲜肉的致腐机制综述-微生物论文-生物学论文.docxVIP

假单胞菌对生鲜肉的致腐机制综述-微生物论文-生物学论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　生鲜肉的腐败是一个与多种特定微生物密切相关并受多种外界环境因素影响的生态现象。假单胞菌属是生鲜肉中的优势腐败菌之一。但是假单胞菌属在生鲜肉的致腐机制仍然缺乏较为系统的总结，尤其是对影响肉的腐败的相关基因调控及表达尚未有定论。因此本文首先概述了假单胞菌的特性、分类及种间差异，进而分析了假单胞菌的污染来源，最后从底物利用（糖代谢、氨基酸代谢、脂代谢等）角度分析了假单胞菌基因水平上的致腐原因，其中调控ED途径中相关酶类的基因、调控胞外蛋白酶的AprX基因和编码ABC转运蛋白的基因、编码脂肪酶lipA的基因在不同条件下和不同菌类中表达量的差异，可能是导致假单胞菌腐败的根本原因。通过本文的总结，以期为揭示肉品中假单胞菌的腐败机制并为控制腐败提供理论基础。 　　关键词：　肉; 腐败; 假单胞菌; 机制; 　　Abstract：　Spoilage of raw meat is an ecological phenomenon closely related to many specific microorganisms and spoilage is affected by many external environmental factors. Pseudomonas spp. are one of is the dominant spoilage microorganism in raw meat. However, the mechanism of Pseudomonas spp.in the spoilage of raw meat is still lacking a systematic summary, especially the regulation and expression of genes involved in the spoilage of meat has not been determined. Therefore, this paper firstly summarizes the characteristics, classification and interspecific differences of Pseudomonas spp., and then overviews its contamination sources. It also elaborates the spoilage mechanisms from the perspective of substrate utilization (including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, etc.), and especially involved in the genes related to meat spoilage. Among them, the different expression levels of genes regulating enzymes in the ED pathway, and AprX gene that regulating extracellular protease and genes encoding ABC transporter, and lipA that encoding lipase may be the cause of the spoilage of Pseudomonas spp. The information gathered here will reveal the mechanism of Pseudomonas spp. on the spoilage of meat and provide a theoretical basis for controlling meat spoilage. 　　Keyword：　meat; spoilage; Pseudomonas spp.; mechanism; 　　肉的腐败变质是指肉类在外界因素作用下，特别是微生物的污染，使其营养成分和感官性状发生变化，并可能产生对人体有害物质的过程[1]。全球消费者每年因腐败而拒绝购买的肉类总量为数百万吨[2]。因此，了解肉中腐败微生物的来源、种类及影响其生长繁殖的外界环境因素，并准确有效控制腐败微生物的生长，是肉类产业界和学术界共同的目标之一[3]。 　　假单胞菌(Pseudomonas spp.)是肉类腐败过程中最主要腐败