压缩天然气海洋运输.ppt

Marine Transportation of Compressed Natural Gas Jan V. Wagner, Fluor Canada Ltd. World Petroleum Congress,Second Regional Meeting, December 8-11, 2003, Doha, Qatar 1 Introduction ? LNG Carriers at present are the only commercial means of shipping gas by sea ? CNG Coselle invention by Cran Stenning ignited renewed interest in CNG (Technology owned now by Williams Energy) ? New proponents entered the scene: EnerSea, TransCanada, Knutsen, C-Natural Gas, IMA/WS Nelson, etc. ? Large and small diameter pipes, round and rectangular, coiled and straight, refrigerated or ambient cargo, etc. 2 Introduction (contd) ? Isobaric and non-isobaric systems ? Steel and composite materials for CNG containers ? General promise from CNG: economically exploit modest reserves in moderate volumes over shorter distances ? CNG concepts promise to be more economical for volumes 200 to 500 MMSCFD and over 500 to 2,000 miles distance compared to pipeline or LNG 3 LNG/CNG/Supergas ? LNG (liquefied natural gas) ? Transportation at atmospheric pressure, temperature - 160 C (-260 F), volume reduction about 600 times ? CNG (compressed natural gas), transportation at elevated pressures (2,000 to 4,000 psig), temperature varies by concept and application ? Volume reduction about 200-280 times ? Supergas - NG/LPG mixture as pressurized liquid (lower pressure than CNG,more methane per storage volume) 4 Marine CNG Concepts Overview ? Marine CNG concept not new - bottle ship in late 1960s tested in New Jersey harbour ? CNG Coselle : 6 inch pipe coiled, 10.6 miles long, coils stacked in cargo space ? VOTRANS :large diameter pipe (vertical or horizontal) in refrigerated cargo space - isobaric system ? GTM : straight long large diameter pipe (48”x80 feet), resin coated pipe 5 Coselle Concept ? Small diameter pipe (6”) coiled, each coil is 11 miles long ? Typical Coselle CNG carrier designed around a double-hulled 60,000-dwt bulk carrier ? 108 Coselles per ship, “standard” ship cap