运动影响大脑执行功能的机制综述-运动生理学论文-体育论文.docxVIP

运动影响大脑执行功能的机制综述-运动生理学论文-体育论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 　　摘 要：　文章从神经生理学角度探讨了大脑特定结构改变与执行功能各子功能改善的关联;从分子生物学角度探讨了不同分子生物学指标在运动影响下改善执行功能各子功能的可能机制;从运动剂量效应、年龄、测试任务选择等方面分析了实验设计时可能需要考虑的变量设置及实验控制。文章提出,未来可以考虑从运动对脑结构、功能的可塑性角度出发,采用多种方法综合分析运动改善执行功能的神经生理学机制和分子生物学机制,寻找与运动改善执行功能相关的效应基因以及基因多态性。此外,实验过程中,需要进一步严格地控制相关变量以确保研究的严谨性和科学性。多学科、综合的视角对于揭示运动改善执行功能的机制更加重要。 　　关键词：　运动; 执行功能; 机制; 变量设置; 变量控制; 　　Abstract：　This present paper discusses the relationship between the modification of specific structure of brain and the optimization of subfunctions of executive function from the perspective of neurophysiology, the possible mechanism that different molecular biological indices improve subfunctions of executive function by exercise from the perspective of molecular biology, and the possible variable settings as well as experiment control in experimental research according to exercise dosage effect, age and test option. This paper proposes that research in the future shall be based on the plasticity of brain structure and function, aiming to analyze the neurophysiological mechanism and molecular biological mechanism that exercise improves executive function by comprehensively using a variety of analysis methods, and find out from the perspective of molecular biology the effective genes related to the mechanism that exercise improves executive function and their polymorphism. In terms of experimental variable setting and control, relevant variables shall be controlled more strictly to ensure their precision and scientificity. Finally, it is proposed that an interdisciplinary and comprehensive perspective is more likely to reveal the mechanism that exercise improves executive function. 　　Keyword：　improvement by exercise; executive function; mechanism; variable setting; variable control; 　　人类社会的进步是在发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的过程中实现的,在这一系列的过程中,大脑的执行功能扮演着重要的角色。执行功能是大脑多种认知功能的集合,主要包含抑制、刷新、转换3个子功能,它能够加工、控制与协调各种认知过程,优化人类认知反应模式,从而使大脑做出适宜的反应[1,2]。良好的执行功能水平有助于人们更好地进行计划、推理、判断以及做出决定,而异常的执行功能则与儿童注意缺陷多动障碍、抑