简版比较人体形态学概论细胞和组织的适应损伤和.pptxVIP

比较人体形态学实验 ;1概论：从正常到异常;教改课程;课程概况;;课程要求;2.实验报告;3考核方式;参考教材; 参考网站;2细胞和组织的适应、损伤和修复; 1）细胞和组织的适应(Adaptation) 非损伤性应答反应: 萎缩、肥大、增生和化生;2）损伤的形式和常见形态学 ;（二）不可逆性损伤;2）坏死类型;3 细胞和组织的修复;肉 芽 组 织 (granulation tissue);1.整个脏器的观察;2．病灶的观察 特殊病灶， ①位置：②数目及分布 部位、大小、形状、色泽（包括颜色和光度等）、质地、是否形成囊腔等。 大小：可用实物来形容，例如粟粒大、芝麻大、绿豆大、蚕豆大、乒乓球大、鸡蛋大、拳头大、儿头大等；数字更客观：长×宽×高（cm3）， 形状：圆形、椭圆形、球形、楔形、花菜状 质地：软硬度、脆韧度、疏密度，及干燥或湿润，粗糙或细腻，以及透明与否等。 ;显微镜观察;正常重要脏器-从正常到异常;心脏;心脏;;; (1) 内皮：较薄，表面为扁圆形的内皮细胞核，与血管内皮相似。 (2) 内皮下层：其薄层结缔组织中含有少量平滑肌纤维。 (3) 心内膜下层 ; 为薄层结缔组织，其中可见 小动脉：管壁厚，管腔小而规则； 小静脉：管壁薄，管腔大而不规则； 毛细血管、神经及脂肪组织。 其外表面被覆一层间皮。;肾脏重量男:280-300g女:260-280g;髓放线;皮 质; 肾小体 近端小管曲部 远端小管曲部 血管球 肾小囊;男:1200-1450g女:1100-1300g;肝小叶模式图;;凝固性坏死 coagulative necrosis;淋巴结;支气管假复层纤毛柱状上皮鳞状上皮化生（鳞化）;This is the normal appearance of the gastric antrum extending to the pylorus at the right of center. The first portion of the duodenum (duodenal bulb) is at the far right. In the endoscopic views below, the normal appearance of the pylorus is seen at the left, with the first portion of the duodenum at the right. ;This is the normal appearance of the gastric fundal mucosa, with short pits lined by pale columnar mucus cells leading into long glands which contain bright pink parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid. ;This is the normal appearance of small intestinal mucosa with long villi that have occasional goblet cells. The villi provide a large area for digestion and absorption. ;This is normal colonic mucosa. Note the crypts that are lined by numerous goblet cells. In the submucosa is a lymphoid nodule. ;胃粘膜的肠上皮化生（肠化）;实验内容;;镜检切片观察;实验目的;如何学好这门课？;炎症 9.28（周日）;大体标本;镜检切片;教改课程; 1）细胞和组织的适应(Adaptation) 非损伤性应答反应: 萎缩、肥大、增生和化生;2）损伤的形式和常见形态学 ;This is the normal appearance of the gastric antrum extending to the pylorus at the right of center. The first portion of the duodenum (duodenal bulb) is at the far right. In the endoscopic views below, the normal appearance of the pylorus is